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451.
中国区域经济与资源丰度相关性研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
以省域面板数据为基础.选取水、耕地、森林、能源、矿产等五种资源.验证了1978—2004年中国不同种类资源丰度与区域经济发展之问的相关关系。研究表明:①资源诅咒原理在中国内部区域之间仍然成立,除水资源外.耕地、能源、矿产和森林等四种资源的丰度与区域经济发展水平都呈现负相关关系.其程度由裔到低依次是:耕地资源、矿产资源、能源资源、森林资源;②遭遇“资源诅咒”的省处于“资源丰度一经济发展”坐标系第Ⅳ象限。并绝大多数都位于西部地区和东北地区;③各省人均GDP与综合资源丰度的对数成反比.我国资源丰裕度与经济发展水平成相反的变化趋势;④自然资源对于经济增长的影响作用往往是通过多种机制共同作用的结果.中国资源诅咒的传导机制主要包括“荷兰病”效应、制度效应、“挤出”效应以及区位和交通因素等方面。 相似文献
452.
输煤系统粉尘污染治理技术 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
概述了输煤系统粉尘污染治理的现状,分析了采用常规方法治理输煤系统粉尘污染存在的缺点及除尘效率低的原因。介绍了近几年研究开发的2种输煤系统粉尘污染治理新技术的除尘机理、适用范围、系统组成及主要特点。 相似文献
453.
Most research on animal contests has focused on the factors that influence the intensity and outcome of aggressive contests
within nonsocial species, while relatively little is known about contests in social taxa. Here, we examine contests among
queens of the social paper wasp, Polistes dominulus. Queens use multiple reproductive strategies, including nesting alone, usurping established colonies, and cooperatively joining
other queens. We stage contests between a nesting queen and a challenger to test how resource value (RV) and resource holding
potential (RHP) influence (a) who occupies the nest at the end of the contest and (b) the extent of conflict between the queen
and challenger. We found that RHP, as measured by individuals’ facial patterns and body size, influenced the outcome of the
contest. Challengers with high RHP were more likely to successfully usurp the nest than challengers with low RHP. Interestingly,
queens with relatively high RHP were more likely to form a cooperative association with the challenger than queens with lower
RHP, suggesting that queens may evict individuals that are an aggressive threat. RV influenced the intensity of conflict.
There was more aggressive conflict over large nests than over small nests. Overall, social taxa have complex contest dynamics
with important parallels to contests in nonsocial taxa. Studying contests in social taxa provides an important perspective
on the factors that influence individual decisions about conflict versus cooperation. 相似文献
454.
目的研究空间环境模拟器翅片管式热沉传输特性,为进一步开展真空等效性分析等研究工作奠定基础。方法根据热沉结构特点建立镜面反射气体输运通道模型,采用蒙特卡罗方法,对该模型的传输几率进行分析计算,并建立验证模型,对计算结果进行验证。结果对于所选择的翅片管式热沉,其平面阵列的传输几率为0.030 116 4,柱面阵列的传输几率为0.017 988 6。结论蒙特卡罗方法可以用于计算一定结构的翅片管式热沉的传输几率。通过传输几率的计算,可以将热沉等效为具有相应传输几率的可透射平面,从而在保证模拟精度的同时大大简化模拟计算强度,提高计算效率。 相似文献
455.
输电线路在自然灾害或人为破坏等外力干扰下,易受损坏或发生故障,致使电力系统全部或部分功能丧失。将输电线路物理脆弱性定位于"功能失效",从人与环境对输电线路造成的压力、输电线路自身状态及功能失效后的响应等方面进行分析,构建输电线路物理脆弱性评估指标体系;借鉴已有评估方法,提出基于压力指数、状态指数和响应指数的评估模型;应用三角图法对输电线路进行物理脆弱性评估和分类,分析影响输电线路物理脆弱性的主要因素。以某500 k V输电线路为例进行实例分析,结果表明影响该输电线路脆弱性关键因素为压力和响应。 相似文献
456.
This paper analyses an overlapping generations model of environmental externalities and capital accumulation where private contributions to environmental quality are motivated by a desire to socialize others into environmental attitudes. In this framework, the formation of environmental preferences is the result of a cultural transmission process depending on the extent of private contributions. In the short run, we show that three equilibria may arise: a first one where all green agents contribute to the environment, a second one where nobody contributes to the environment and a third interior one. We show that the capital-accumulation process and the change in preferences that occur in this economy lead the interior equilibrium to be selected, in which some, but not all, green agents contribute to the environment. The model thus provides an economic rationale for the gap between the number of people who care about the environment and the number who adopt pro-environmental behaviours. We also show that the fraction of contributors rises with capital, so that we explain the negative relationship between this gap and country income. Last, we show that this gap is particularly detrimental for welfare, and analyse the impact of a number of public policies. 相似文献
457.
Abstract: The strength of phylogenetic signal in extinction risk can give insight into the mechanisms behind species’ declines. Nevertheless, no existing measure of phylogenetic pattern in a binary trait, such as extinction‐risk status, measures signal strength in a way that can be compared among data sets. We developed a new measure for phylogenetic signal of binary traits, D, which simulations show gives robust results with data sets of more than 50 species, even when the proportion of threatened species is low. We applied D to the red‐list status of British birds and the world's mammals and found that the threat status for both groups exhibited moderately strong phylogenetic clumping. We also tested the hypothesis that the phylogenetic pattern of species threatened by harvesting will be more strongly clumped than for those species threatened by either habitat loss or invasive species because the life‐history traits mediating the effects of harvesting show strong evolutionary pattern. For mammals, our results supported our hypothesis; there was significant but weaker phylogenetic signal in the risk caused by the other two drivers (habitat loss and invasive species). We conclude that D is likely to be a useful measure of the strength of phylogenetic pattern in many binary traits. 相似文献
458.
福建沿海输电线路设计风速取值探讨 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3
根据福建省崇武气象台1973~2006年的风速资料,分别采用极值Ⅰ型Gumbel分布、极值Ⅱ型Frechet分布、极值Ⅲ型Weibull分布对该地区的风速进行了统计分析。结果表明,该地区发生强风的概率很大,受台风的影响,年最大风速一般发生在7~10月份,且其风速值随着年代的推后有下降的趋势;经柯尔莫格洛夫拟合优度检验,极值Ⅰ型Gumbel分布是该地区的风速概率分布的最优曲线;极端风速是影响沿海输电线路安全的一个重要因素,可采用差异化的设计方法予以考虑。 相似文献
459.
460.