北京市臭氧的时空分布特征

对2012年12月~2013年11月期间北京市35个自动空气监测子站的O3浓度进行分析,探讨北京市O3浓度的时间、空间分布特征,并对夏季的一次O3高浓度过程进行了分析.结果表明,北京市O3浓度在5~8月维持相对较高浓度,其他月份则维持较低浓度.整体来看,4类功能的监测站点中O3平均浓度由高到低分别是对照点及区域点、郊区环境评价点、城区环境评价点和交通污染监控点;O3浓度日变化呈单峰型分布,一般在15:00、16:00达到峰值;O3还呈现明显的"周末效应",即周末白天时段O3浓度大于工作日浓度.北京市O3浓度城区相对较低,周边区县相对较高,生态植被优良的东北部地区浓度最高.2013年6月3日北京市发生一次O3高浓度过程,在下午西南风的作用下,榆垡、丰台花园、奥体中心和怀柔监测站O3峰值出现的时间从南到北依次滞后,且怀柔站在20:00才出现峰值,体现了这次过程中存在明显的O3输送特征.     

成都经济区有机氯农药异常区大气影响推断

以成都经济区中德阳绵竹有机氯农药异常区为重点,选取跨越异常区主风向(西北-东南)的长剖面,采集大气颗粒物样品和降水样品以及与大气采样点相对应的土壤样进行测试分析。采样自2007年6月18日起,每三个月(一个季度)收集一次,为期一年。研究表明表层土壤中HCH最高含量值均位于海拔400～700m之间,大气降水对土壤HCH的贡献量很大,是去除大气中HCH的有效形式。由于山脉阻碍和改变气流的活动情况,空气对流强度增加,温度下降显著,形成大量山前降水,使得有机氯农药沉降效率较高。高海拔地区有机氯农药含量的多少取决于有机氯农药本身的挥发性、蒸汽压、距离有机氯农药源区的距离以及传输通道的环境条件(高程变化、风向、温度、降水量、降水频度等)。     

二氧化硫对大鼠离体心脏功能影响的机制研究

为了探讨二氧化硫(SO2)对心脏功能影响的机制,分别用10、300和1000μmol·L-1的SO2灌流大鼠离体心脏后,测定心脏组织中一氧化氮(NO)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及心脏灌流液中肌酸激酶(CK)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性.结果表明,10、300和1000μmol·L-1的SO2均可使心脏组织中NO和MDA含量以及心脏灌流液中CK和LDH活性明显增加,而使SOD和GSH含量明显减少.较高浓度(300和1000μmol·L-1)的SO2可使心脏组织中Na+K+-ATP酶和Ca2+Mg2+-ATP酶活性明显下降.结论:SO2对大鼠离体心脏功能影响的作用机制与SO2对心脏组织的氧化损伤作用、心肌细胞膜Na+K+-ATP酶和Ca2+Mg2+-ATP酶活性降低及NO-cGMP信号转导通路有关.     

天然气长输管道建设对生态环境的影响及防范措施

针对天然气长输管道建设影响面广、介质危险性大的特点,从对土地利用方式、土壤环境、林业生态系统、农业生态系统、野生动植物、景观、地质等方面分析施工期的环境影响。提出预防、减缓、植被恢复、管理、风险防范等方面的生态保护措施,特别给出了林地生态系统、农田生态系统、野生动物、土壤的具体保护措施;从加强环境管理、加强施工人员的环保意识、加强野生动物保护的宣传力度方面提出了针对性的管理措施。     

涡流热成像动态检测模式的缺陷信号重构方法研究

在涡流热成像检测中,缺陷信号重构可以有效评定结构的安全性和可靠性,及时预防生产中安全事故的发生,目前大多数信号重构方法都不适用于动态模式的涡流热成像检测。为了对动态模式涡流热成像检测的信号进行重构,提出了1种基于区域扫描的方法,选定区域大小及划分准则,在每帧图像相同位置划分区域,对各个区域内的温度数据进行相应的运算处理并提取结果,以此作为每个区域的重构温度,进而重构出包含所有缺陷温度信息的热像图。结果表明:该方法可以对动态模式下的涡流热成像温度信号进行重构,并能在一定程度上消除噪声,有利于后续的图像处理。     

铀尾矿库WSN安全监控镜像约束域定位算法

铀尾矿库的WSN安全监控监测技术是一门新型领域技术,是实现铀尾矿库安全综合治理的重要前提,定位技术因其能够快速定位事件发生区域的地理位置而成为WSN的关键技术之一。RSSI测距定位技术因其易于实现、成本低等特点而被广泛应用,然而其在铀尾矿库中会受到多径、非视距等因素的影响,远距离得到的RSSI值测距误差较大。为此,提出一种镜像最小通信圆约束域定位算法,未知节点利用多个近距离RSSI测距值生成最小通信圆,以锚节点坐标镜像最小通信圆生成镜像圆,多条件约束形成定位区域进行区域定位。仿真结果表明:多最小通信圆定位效果优于单最小通信圆,且比传统RSSI和RSSI质心算法具有更高的定位精度和较小的误差均方差。     

不同传输通道下珠江三角洲臭氧与前体物非线性响应关系

高度城市化的珠三角地区臭氧污染频发,臭氧污染的非线性、区域性以及气象过程影响使臭氧精确防控面临巨大挑战.本研究利用臭氧源解析技术OSAT,分析不同传输通道下珠三角臭氧敏感区分布差异,量化城市间的臭氧传输贡献,并通过敏感性试验,探讨珠三角及典型城市的臭氧污染控制策略.结果表明,静风条件下,VOCs敏感区集中在珠三角中部城...     

Kin composition effects on reproductive competition among queenless honeybee workers

Kin selection and inclusive fitness theories predict that, in hopeless queenless (QL) groups, competition or cooperation will occur over male production among workers of different patrilines. Competition is expected to involve mutual inhibition of reproduction and to affect fertility advertisement. To examine kin effect on these phenomena, we studied QL groups of honeybee workers comprising three types of kin structure: groups composed of pure single patrilines, groups composed of three mixed patrilines (all originating from colonies headed by single-drone-inseminated queens), and control groups composed of bees originating from naturally mated queens. Global assessment of ovarian development, irrespective of patriline composition, revealed no differences among group types. In contrast, the performance of specific patrilines revealed that, in the three-mixed-patriline groups, some patrilines were reproductively suppressed compared to their performance when reared as a pure single patriline, resulting in an uneven share of reproduction. Analysis of the fertility signal produced by Dufour's gland revealed kin composition effects, which may reflect the bees' competitive efforts. Although patriline effects on worker reproductive superiority have been shown in QL colonies, we were able to investigate specific patriline performance both in competitive and noncompetitive situations here for the first time. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that reproductive and pheromonal competitions in QL groups are affected by the number of subfamilies populating a colony and that these act as coalitions. The results also emphasize that within-colony heterogeneity, in the form of multiple patrilines, has far-reaching consequences on social evolution.     

Optimization of contactless transformer coupling transmission system by Taguchi method

A contactless transformer coupling (CTC) transmission system transmits electric energy via an alternating magnetic field through an air-gap. The transmitted power can be enhanced by the application of resonant effects. Transmitting and receiving coils are usually single layer solenoids with series capacitors, which, in combination, allow the receiving element to be tuned to the required transmitter frequency. An input DC source is used to obtain high-frequency AC signal through the standardized half-bridge DC/AC switching circuit. Further, the high-frequency signal passes through matching transformer and contactless coupling induction coil, which can be considered as an isolated input and output stage. Coupling must be tight to achieve high efficiency. This paper then applies the methods of Taguchi parameter design forthe contactless transformer coupling transmission system, which enhances the output voltage, loss factor, and output efficiency of the transmission system. The results of measurement verify the feasibility of this structure in the experiment.     

A well to wire LCA model development and sensitivity analysis for carbon footprint of combined cycle power plants in Iranian electricity network

The present research introduces a well to wire pseudo comprehensive carbon footprint model for combined cycle power plants. The mentioned model integrates land use change model, operational model and transmission and distribution model into one comprehensive model. The parameters which their effects are considered in the integrated model are: fuel type, fuel transmission type, emission for fuel extraction and processing, own consumption of the plant, degradation, site ambient condition, transmission and distribution losses. For quantifying the effectiveness of each parameter, sensitivity analyses based on different life cycle scenarios are performed. The result shows that the effect of land use change is negligible. The carbon footprint of electrical energy produced in combined cycle plant until it is delivered to the end users varies from 321 to 522 g CO₂ eq/kWh.