A Vibroacoustic Diagnostic System as an Element Improving Road Transport Safety

Mechanical defects of a vehicle driving system can be dangerous on the road. Diagnostic systems, which monitor operations of electric and electronic elements and devices of vehicles, are continuously developed and improved, while defects of mechanical systems are still not managed properly. This article proposes supplementing existing on-board diagnostics with a system of diagnosing selected defects to minimize their impact. It presents a method of diagnosing mechanical defects of the engine, gearbox and other elements of the driving system on the basis of a model of the vibration signal obtained adaptively. This method is suitable for engine valves, engine head gasket, main gearbox, joints, etc.     

基于物联网的环境自动监控数据采集与传输系统架构设计与功能实现

在环境监管中应用物联网技术是行业应用的发展趋势。实现基于物联网的环境自动监控,必须要采用安全可靠的智能数据采集与传输系统,对各类环境自动监测设备产生的数据进行智能采集与传输,提高环境自动监控的数据传输有效率和数据质量,为环境监管提供可靠的决策支持。     

基于声信号特征分析的燃气管道探测识别方法

为了探测和辨识地下燃气管道,避免燃气管道改扩建的过程发生第三方破坏引发安全事故,提出1种基于声信号特征分析的燃气管道探测识别方法,该方法考虑燃气管道声信号声压级低以及易衰减的特点,采用Hilebert-Huang变换算法分析燃气管道流噪声信号特征,建立燃气管道流噪声信号的特征数据库,并通过BP神经网络进行模式识别,判别...     

Kin composition effects on reproductive competition among queenless honeybee workers

Kin selection and inclusive fitness theories predict that, in hopeless queenless (QL) groups, competition or cooperation will occur over male production among workers of different patrilines. Competition is expected to involve mutual inhibition of reproduction and to affect fertility advertisement. To examine kin effect on these phenomena, we studied QL groups of honeybee workers comprising three types of kin structure: groups composed of pure single patrilines, groups composed of three mixed patrilines (all originating from colonies headed by single-drone-inseminated queens), and control groups composed of bees originating from naturally mated queens. Global assessment of ovarian development, irrespective of patriline composition, revealed no differences among group types. In contrast, the performance of specific patrilines revealed that, in the three-mixed-patriline groups, some patrilines were reproductively suppressed compared to their performance when reared as a pure single patriline, resulting in an uneven share of reproduction. Analysis of the fertility signal produced by Dufour's gland revealed kin composition effects, which may reflect the bees' competitive efforts. Although patriline effects on worker reproductive superiority have been shown in QL colonies, we were able to investigate specific patriline performance both in competitive and noncompetitive situations here for the first time. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that reproductive and pheromonal competitions in QL groups are affected by the number of subfamilies populating a colony and that these act as coalitions. The results also emphasize that within-colony heterogeneity, in the form of multiple patrilines, has far-reaching consequences on social evolution.     

基于覆岩破坏传递的超前自卸压区影响宽度研究*

为确定超前自卸压区的宽度,将其更好地应用于边采边抽钻孔布置中,探讨影响超前自卸压范围的主要因素,揭示卸压区宽度与工作面超前支承压力的内在联系,根据压力拱曲线平移特性,提出在覆岩破坏传递过程中,冒落带随回采周期性垮落,造成超前支承压力重分布,简化工作面开采模型,推导计算卸压区宽度的理论新方法并进行现场试验验证。结果表明:通过实测采面前方顺层钻孔的瓦斯抽采纯量,确定超前自卸压区宽度为28~30 m;距工作面＞20~40 m范围为卸压瓦斯高效抽采区,平均瓦斯抽采纯量0.074 m³/min,为卸压前的3.89倍;考虑覆岩破坏传递的超前自卸压区宽度计算值为29.97 m。计算值与实测结果较吻合,验证该方法的可行性,为井下卸压区高效抽采提供借鉴。     

基于相关向量机模型的腐蚀声发射信号识别

相关向量机(RVM)模型的分类性能与其核函数参数的选择有密切关系。本文分别利用人工蜂群算法(ABC)、粒子群算法(PSO)和遗传算法(GA)寻找相关向量机模型的最优参数,对几种方法的寻优性能进行了对比。采用基于二叉树结构的一对多扩展方法,对二分类相关向量机模型进行了扩展,建立了四分类模型。基于该分类模型对罐底腐蚀声发射信号进行识别,将声发射特征参数和频域参数作为模型的输入参数,获得了较好的识别结果。     

火箭测试平台多通道脉动压力微弱信号调理电路设计

目的实现火箭测试平台多通道脉动压力微弱信号调理电路设计。方法基于高性能仪表放大器进行低噪声放大电路设计,仪表放大器输入端引入RFI滤波器,抑制射频干扰,显著减小电路输出噪声。模拟信号输出端集成ADC转换单元,实现模拟信号的数字化传输,进一步降低模拟信号传输干扰。实现信号调理电路小型化设计,将4个通道脉动压力信号调理电路集成到一块40 mm×35 mm的电路单板,实现对4个通道脉动压力传感器的供电、信号调理及数字化等功能。通过多个单板的组合化设计,实现多通道脉动压力信号调理电路设计。结果获得了信号调理电路的本底噪声水平,通过风洞试验验证了信号调理电路设计的正确性。结论设计的多通道脉动压力微弱信号调理电路可应用于火箭测试平台,具有抗干扰、小型化、组合化等特点。     

甘肃省区域颗粒物时空分布特征及传输路径

基于甘肃省2018~2019年颗粒物质量浓度监测数据,分析了全省大气颗粒物浓度的时空变化及排放特征,并利用HYSPLIT后向轨迹模式研究了颗粒物传输路径.结果表明：颗粒物（PM₁₀和PM_2.5）空间分布呈现区域特征：PM₁₀浓度高值位于河西走廊地区,由北向南呈阶梯式递减;PM_2.5以陇中地区为高值中心,向南北两侧递减,陇南地区为全省颗粒物清洁区.不同地区PM₁₀与PM_2.5地面浓度季节变化特征存在差异,陇中、陇东和陇南地区PM₁₀和PM_2.5浓度变化特征一致,陇中和陇东地区颗粒物（PM₁₀与PM_2.5）浓度冬高夏低,陇南地区则为冬高秋低;河西走廊PM₁₀和PM_2.5浓度季节变化不同,PM_2.5冬高夏低,PM₁₀春高夏低.后向轨迹聚类结果表明全省春季、冬季均受到来自中亚及新疆的偏西气流影响,该路径输送下可吸入颗粒物（PM₁₀）浓度明显高于其他路径,是典型的沙尘输送路径,4大分区受沙尘传输影响程度依次为河西 > 陇中 > 陇东 > 陇南,来自陕西、川渝的偏东路径是陇南地区颗粒物的主要输送路径,该路径下PM_2.5/PM₁₀比值大于0.5,明显高于偏西路径,说明偏东路径人为源污染贡献显著.研究结果有助于全面认识全省颗粒物污染特点、为分区制定颗粒物污染防治政策、以及区域污染协同治理提供科学的参考依据.     

环境空气质量监测数据采集与传输的标准化研究及设计

目前中国空气质量监测数据缺乏统一的数据采集及传输管理规范,导致数据集成困难,各监测网络间的数据无法充分共享,形成信息孤岛。该研究在深入分析中国环境空气质量监测数据采集与传输现状及问题的基础上,遵循已有的标准规定并结合实际业务需求,针对环境空气质量监测数据传输系统结构、通讯协议以及监测数据编码提出具有良好扩展性、通用性及规范化的设计方案,以期促进监测设备及系统集成工作的标准化,实现系统间信息数据高度集成,信息资源充分共享和互融互通,环境空气质量监测业务紧密互动。     

基于精细化管理的环境物联网发展趋势

环境物联网运用智能传感器等设备感知生态环境的变化,监测环境质量、监控企业的排污行为,通过环境数据的采集、传输、处理、整合,辅助环境管理决策。近年来环境物联网得到长足发展,但现有的环境物联网体系无法满足多种任务和应用场景的需求,主要问题体现在数据质量和精准度缺乏保证,数据传输能力有限,数据共享还未打通,数据分析应用能力还有待提升。笔者系统分析了环境物联网感知层、传输层和应用层的现状与问题,较全面地研究了物联网与大数据技术的最新进展,提出了环境物联网的发展方向以解决上述问题,为实现精细化管理与科学决策提供科学参考。