Removing polybrominated diphenyl ethers in pure water using Fe/Pd bimetallic nanoparticles

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) have been widely used as fire-retardants. Due to their high production volume, widespread usage, and environmental persistence, PBDEs have become ubiquitous contaminants in various environments.Nanoscale zero-valent iron (ZVI) is an effective reductant for many halogenated organic compounds. To enhance the degradation efficiency, ZVI/Palladium bimetallic nanoparticles (nZVI/Pd) were synthesized in this study to degrade decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE209) in water. Approximately 90% of BDE209 was rapidly removed by nZVI/Pd within 80 min, whereas about 25% of BDE209 was removed by nZVI. Degradation of BDE209 by nZVI/Pd fits pseudo-first-order kinetics. An increase in pH led to sharply decrease the rate of BDE209 degradation. The degradation rate constant in the treatment with initial pH at 9.0 was more than 6.8 × higher than that under pH 5.0. The degradation intermediates of BDE209 by nZVI/Pd were identified and the degradation pathways were hypothesized. Results from this study suggest that nZVI/Pd may be an effective tool for treating polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in water.     

蔗糖改性纳米铁原位反应带对硝基苯污染的模拟修复研究

在一维模拟装置中创建改性纳米铁原位反应带,研究反应带对硝基苯污染的修复情况,并通过反应带渗透性变化对其可持续修复能力进行评估.模拟试验结果表明:不同条件下硝基苯的去除率为45%~80%;反应带渗透性变化过程按时间分为3个阶段,分别是0~10d的快速下降期、10~30d的缓慢下降期和30~60d的稳定期,平均下降了53.2%,堵塞现象未发生,反应带可持续修复能力较好.较大的介质粒径和浆液浓度使污染物降解效率增加,硝基苯去除率可分别提高23.7%和13.7%;较高的地下水流速和污染物浓度不利于污染物的去除,硝基苯去除率均下降约46.8%.各反应带中实际参与反应的铁与硝基苯的物质的量比值分别为11.2、17.9、12.6、3.3和25.7,改性纳米铁颗粒的实际利用率较低,实际应用中浆液需要过量注入.     

黄河干流表层沉积物铁形态的分布特征及相关性分析

应用颗粒物中铁的连续浸提技术研究了黄河干流表层沉积物中铁形态的分布特征及相关性,研究结果表明:表层沉积物中总铁(∑Fe)含量范围在14.01~30.98g/kg,最小值和最大值分别出现在黄河柳林段(H13)和渤海近海(H21);各形态铁中以残渣态(Fe-6)含量最高,占∑Fe比率92.55%~98.44%,有效态铁(BFe)含量仅占1.56%~6.98%,与∑Fe呈现显著正相关,并且三者含量高低沿程变化趋势一致;有机质(OM)与BFe、铁锰氧化物态铁(Fe-4)呈现显著正相关系,BFe与Fe-4呈现极显著正相关系,说明BFe含量主要受Fe-4和有机质的控制;黄河水体总颗粒物(TPM)浓度增高,如黄河中游大禹渡段H15和三门峡段H17,表层沉积物∑Fe与Fe-1含量高,TPM浓度降低,如黄河上游乌海段H7和三盛公段H8,表层沉积物∑Fe与Fe-1含量低,说明黄河流域广泛的人工筑坝,导致水体TPM浓度改变,对黄河铁循环产生了不可忽视的影响.     

Removal of arsenic by Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria in bench scale fixed-bed bioreactor system

In the present study arsenic contaminated simulated water and groundwater was treated by the combination of biological oxidation of tri-valent arsenite [As (III)] to penta-valent arsenate [As (V)] in presence of Acidothiobacillus ferrooxidans bacteria and its removal by adsorptive filtration in a bioreactor system. This method includes the immobilisation of A.ferrooxidans on Granulated Activated Carbon (GAC) capable of oxidising ferrous [Fe (II)] to ferric [Fe (III)]. The Fe (III) significantly converts the As (III) to As (V) and ultimately removed greater than 95% by the bed of GAC, limestone, and sand. The significant influence of Fe (II) concentration (0.1–1.5?gL^?1), flowrate (0.06–0.18?Lh^?1), and initial As (III) concentration (100–1000?µgL^?1) on the arsenic removal efficiency was investigated. The simulated water sample containing the different concentration of As (III) and other ions was used in the study. The removal of other co-existing ions present in contaminated water was also investigated in column study. The concentration of arsenic was found to be <10?µgL^?1 which is below Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) as per WHO in treated water. The results confirmed that the present system including adsorptive-filtration was successfully used for the treatment of contaminated water containing As (III) ions.     

浅议碳排放与废钢铁的节能减排功效

二氧化碳是导致全球气候变暖、人类生存环境恶化的主要原因。简要介绍世界钢铁工业二氧化碳排放情况,针对我国钢铁工业碳排放的具体情况,提出发展我国废钢产业,提高废钢铁的供应能力,是我国钢铁工业摆脱危机,实现低碳发展、绿色发展的主要途径。     

克黄灵注射液与颗颗灵栓剂的配合施用

本文讨论了克黄灵注射液和颗颗灵栓剂配合施用问题，两者配合施用有助于颗颗灵的溶解，叶片转缓时间比单施颗颗灵提前且维持时间更长．     

废铁屑—H2O2法处理炼油厂含酚废水

用废铁屑作催化剂，Ｈ２Ｏ２作氧化剂，对炼厂汽提后含硫废水进行了除酚试验研究，考察了初始ＰＨ、Ｈ２Ｏ２投加量、废铁屑投加量对酚去除率的影响。对含酚量为３３１．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的废水，将其初始ＰＨ调至７．２，３０％Ｈ２Ｏ２的投加量为７．５ｍＬ／Ｌ，废铁屑的投加量为３－８ｇ／Ｌ，经２ｈ反应后，酚的脱除率可达９９．９％。     

PHYSICOCHEMICAL FACTORS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON ALGAL GROWTH IN A NEW SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RESERVOIR1

ABSTRACT: Some physical and chemical characteristics of Lake Perris, a new southern California reservoir, were investigated with regard to their influence on phytoplankton biomass and community structure. The concentration of three major nutrients – nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron – was approximately equivalent to the demand ratio of fresh water plants. Large increases in iron and phosphorus concentrations in late summer due to releases from sediments, however, tended to shift the balance toward a nitrogen-limited situation. Nitrogen limitation favored nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae, and after a decline of competing algae during the summer, the blue-green population bloomed in September. Series of measurements taken over one-day periods during summer stratification showed that some iron, phosphorus, and manganese from the hypolimnion could move upward, corresponding to diel shifts in the thermocline depth. Vertical transport of nutrients could thus occur long before complete lake mixing and could support summer/fall algal blooms.     

Investigating the Use of Iron Reducing Bacteria for the Removal of Arsenic from Contaminated Soils

Clean-up techniques, which were developed for removing cationic heavy metals from contaminated soils, are inappropriate for the metalloid As, which is a common and highly toxic pollutant. Because arsenic is mainly found associated with the hydrous ferric oxides of the soil, a possible mechanism for the mobilisation of this element is the reductive dissolution of Fe(III) oxyhydroxides. In this paper we investigate the possibility to mobilise arsenic, using the Fe(III)-reducing bacterium Desulfuromonas Palmitatis. The initial experiments were carried out using a crystalline ferric arsenate as model compound, i.e. scorodite (FeAsO₄.2H₂O). D. palmitatis was found able to reduce the trivalent iron of scorodite at a percentage of 80% within 16 days, but arsenic remained in the pentavalent state, and reprecipitated with Fe(II) in the form of low solubility ferrous arsenates. To avoid the precipitation of ferrous arsenates the subsequent experiments with soil were conducted by combining the reducing ability of D. palmitatis with the chelating strength of EDTA (ethylenediamine tetracetic acid), which can form strong aqueous complexes with Fe(II). Approximately 60% of Fe and 75% of As were recovered in the aqueous solution in the presence of EDTA, while in the simple biological treatment no Fe was dissolved and only a 3% of As was mobilised.     

掺杂过渡金属离子的纳米二氧化钛光催化氧化对氯苯酚的研究

以掺杂过渡金属离子Fe^ 的纳米Ti02为光催化剂，以高压汞灯为光源，研究了对氯苯酚在水悬浮溶液中的降解，考察了对氯苯酚的初始浓度、气相氧浓度、催化剂投加量、光强对对氯苯酚光解速率的影响。通过试验发现，光强、气相氧浓度以及催化剂投加量是影响光催化氧化反应的关键因素。采用掺杂过渡金属粒子Fe^3 的纳米TiO2为光催化剂比采用纯纳米TiO2为光催化剂对氯苯酚降解率提高了近1．4倍。