渣-硅灰水泥蒸压处理含镉钠低放废液

开发了一种矿渣硅灰混合水泥用来处理含多量Cd2+、Na2的低放射性废液.该水泥净浆经125℃蒸压14天的抗压强度达114MPa4用水银测孔仪测得总孔隙率为14.1%,最可几孔半径2.7nm.目前低放废液的处理常用硅酸盐水泥和矿渣水泥,从强度和微结构方面看,矿渣-硅灰混合水泥要比上述两种水泥好得多.对于废液中的Cd2+和Na+,成功地合成了无定形方沸石作为Na+的固主相,CdS为Cd2+的固化相.     

应用神经网络方法优化垃圾焚烧模拟灰渣熔点的预测

采用SiO₂、Al₂O₃、CaO、Na₂CO₃、NaCl和Fe₂O₃等物质来模拟垃圾焚烧的真实灰渣组成,通过实验测定模拟灰渣熔点,建立神经网络模型进行熔点预测,由预测结果来指导进一步实验,得到修正的模型,最终预测出的半球温度（HT）平均误差低于5%。     

转炉钢渣热闷技术在济钢的开发应用

通过对转炉渣在闷渣池内的集中喷淋水,并合理调整喷水压力、流量、闷制冷却时间,充分利用钢渣余热,使钢渣通过闷渣工艺处理后全部粉化.一方面彻底消除钢铁企业钢渣放炮事故的安全隐患;另一方面有效降低了钢渣粉尘导致的环境污染,为职工创造良好的工作环境.并可采取对粉化渣进行磁选工艺,能够提高钢渣二次利用率、渣中金属回收率,为企业降低成本、实现循环经济创造条件.     

Evaluation and application of blast furnace slag as a mud cake modifier

The aim of this research was to reuse blast furnace slag (BFS) as a mud cake modifier (MCM) to improve the annular isolation quality in oil and gas wells. For the optimum formula of drilling fluid, the effects of MCM on the drilling fluid rheology were investigated. The relationship between the MCM addition and shear strength at cement–formation interface (SSCFI) was evaluated. The experimental results showed that the optimized formula of the drilling fluid has 1.0 wt% MCM and 0.5 wt% XY-27. The simulation results showed that SSCFI increased significantly with the addition of MCM. Based on the mechanism analysis of BFS as an MCM to improve SSCFI, it is found that the transformation of mud cake to agglomerated cake can be the main reason. The application results showed that the success rate of five wells reached 100%, and the rate of quality in cement was 100%. Especially, the average high quality rate of five wells reached 83.7%. Compared with conventional methods, the average high quality rate is increased by 32.6% points. This research provides a new way for sustainable utilization of BFS.     

Optimization for solidification of low-level-radioactive resin using Taguchi analysis

Solidification of low-level-radioactive (LLW) resin was optimized using Taguchi analytical methodology. The ingredients in LLW mortar which caused the solidification of cement were evaluated through consecutive measurements of the effects of various concentrations of ingredients. Samples selected according to Taguchi's method were separated into 18 different categories and measured at the 7th, 21st, and 28th day after fabrication on developing effects. Evaluations of the various samples focused on whether the compressive and bending strength fulfilled the special criteria of the Taiwan Power Company (TPC). Similar results indicated that both furnace slag and fly ash were the dominant material resulting from the solidification of LLW mortar. The superior combination was obtained as furnace slag 24 wt.%, fly ash 24 wt.%, and cement 8 wt.% to mix 24 wt.% of resin with 20 wt.% of water, to fulfill the contemporary requirements of TPC.     

模拟根系分泌有机酸对焚烧炉渣重金属的溶出特征

为了解焚烧炉渣应用于潜流园林湿地污水处理系统的可行性,采用苹果酸、柠檬酸和腐殖酸模拟根系分泌的有机酸,考察了其对焚烧炉渣中重金属的溶出特征。结果表明：有机酸对炉渣中重金属Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、Zn溶出具有促进作用,苹果酸略强于柠檬酸,腐殖酸作用弱;重金属Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb、Zn溶出量与其碳酸盐结合态、铁锰氧化物结合态、有机结合态含量显著相关,炉排渣（PZ）中重金属溶出量大于流化床炉渣（LZ）;炉渣中Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn在有机酸作用下的溶出率低于4%,仅PZ中Cd溶出率高达40%左右,为LZ的6～11倍。重金属初始含量、有机酸种类对炉渣中重金属溶出有显著影响,柠檬酸、苹果酸对LZ中重金属溶出率的影响无显著性差异,与腐殖酸的影响存在显著差异,炉排渣无此特征。流化床炉渣具有潜在可应用性。     

自动分选-除渣-厌氧消化处理有机垃圾

城市有机垃圾已经成为重要的污染源和迫切需要处理的问题,传统处理工艺存在各种问题。现以某市有机垃圾处理为工程实例,介绍自动分选、碎浆除渣、厌氧消化处理工艺。该工艺经实践运营可处理餐厨垃圾150 t/d,粪便200 t/d。无论在沼气产生量、有机质回收率和降解率等方面,还是在工艺稳定、设备运行可靠等方面,该工艺都具有独到的特点。     

复合激发煤气化渣基胶凝材料的制备

为提高煤化产业废渣、废水的综合利用,以煤气化渣为原料,高盐废水、水玻璃及石灰为复合激发剂制备胶凝材料。探究了复合激发剂中石灰掺量、水玻璃模数、水玻璃掺量及高盐废水掺量对胶凝材料力学性能的影响;借助XRD、SEM、MIP、ICP-AES等分析手段对激发剂作用下煤气化渣胶凝产物及其微观形貌进行表征,并讨论了胶凝材料对环境安全性的影响。结果表明,当石灰掺量为15%时,试样28 d抗压强度可达到23.8 Mpa;水玻璃模数为1.4时激发效果最好,水玻璃最佳掺量为13%;高盐废水掺量为100%时,试样28 d抗压强度为38.8 MPa。微观观察结果表明,水玻璃可促进煤气化渣硅铝玻璃体的溶解,提高水化产物聚合度,生成C-S-H、N-A-S-H使得体系的结构更加密实,后期强度增大。此外,复合激发剂在SO₄^2-、Cl^-、OH^-、Ca²⁺的共同作用下,可显著提高气化渣活性并加速其水化反应,生成Ca(OH)₂、C-S-H、钙矾石和水化氯铝酸钙等物质,使试样孔隙率降低,强度提高。并且,胶凝材料可固化高盐废水中的重金属。本研究结果可为煤气化渣制备胶凝材料提供参考。     

脱硫废水对渣水系统的腐蚀影响

利用渣水系统处理脱硫废水是燃煤电厂脱硫废水实现低成本零排放处理的一个重要发展方向。为考察脱硫废水引入渣水系统后对设备材质的腐蚀行为的影响,采用动态失重法与电化学法分别对系统内的金属材质进行了腐蚀行为研究,分别考察了温度、pH、电导率3个因素对渣水系统的影响。结果表明: 1Cr18Ni9Ti钢和304不锈钢的腐蚀速率低于0.1 mm·a⁻¹,属耐腐材质,适用于该电厂的运行工艺;而T12钢、65Mn钢、Q235钢、20CrMnTi钢等腐蚀速率高于1.0 mm·a⁻¹,无法长期满足电厂的运行条件,应采取相应的防腐措施。此研究结果可以为燃煤电厂常用金属材质的腐蚀行为提供了科学依据和数据参考,为电厂的安全稳定运行提供借鉴和指导。     

改性电石渣干法催化净化工业废气中的NO

采用电石水解制取乙炔气体后的废渣(电石渣)脱除工业废气中的NO。结果表明：通过KOH改性之后,该电石渣NO脱除效果有显著提高;改性电石渣NO脱除率随反应温度的升高呈先增大后减小的趋势。正交实验结果显示,各因素对NO脱除率的影响顺序大小为：浸渍浓度>焙烧温度>焙烧时间。NO脱除率随着KOH浓度增加呈现先增加后下降的趋势,随着焙烧温度和焙烧时间的增加NO脱除率下降;当KOH浓度为5 mol.L⁻¹,焙烧温度为300 ℃,焙烧时间为2 h时,改性电石渣的NO脱除率可达80.66%。表征分析结果表明,改性电石渣微观结构明显发生改变,可为催化NO反应提供反应场所,生成的K₂CO₃为NO的去除提供了更多活性点位。