COD_(Cr)分析废液中银的回收再利用研究

COD_(Cr)分析中使用的硫酸银属于重金属溶液,若直接排入下水道,对环境影响较大,而且也是对贵重金属的浪费。文章对COD_(Cr)分析废液中银的回收进行了实验研究,将废金属银回收,配制成硫酸银溶液回用于实验中,与购买的硫酸银溶液相比,误差在可接受范围内。     

Anaerobic benzene biodegradation by a pure bacterial culture of Bacillus cereus under nitrate reducing conditions

A pure culture using benzene as sole carbon and energy sources was isolated by screening procedure from gasoline contaminated soil. The analysis of the 16S rDNA gene sequence, morphological and physiological characteristics showed that the isolated strain was a member of genus Bacillus cereus. The biodegradation performance of benzene by B. cereus was evaluated, and the results showed that benzene could be e ciently biodegraded when the initial benzene concentration was below 150 mg/L. The metabolites of anaerobic nitrate-dependent benzene oxidation by strain B. cereus were identified as phenol and benzoate. The results of substrate interaction between binary combinations for benzene, phenol and benzoate showed that the simultaneous presence of benzene stimulated the degradation of benzoate, whereas the addition of benzene inhibited the degradation of phenol. Benzene degradation by B. cereus was enhanced by the addition of phenol and benzoate, the enhanced e ects were more pronounced at higher concentration. To our knowledge, this is the first report that the isolated bacterial culture of B. cereus can e ciently degraded benzene under nitrate reducing conditions.     

北京市顺义区浅层土壤硝态氮的空间变异特征分析

顺义是北京市的主要水源地和农业生产基地,研究氮素在顺义区土壤中的分布累积及空间变异情况,对于了解顺义区的土壤潜在污染,指导农业生产,预防面源污染等具有重要作用.因此,本研究应用传统统计学方法和基于GIS的地统计学法研究了顺义区不同地点各土层土壤中硝态氮的空间分布特征.结果发现,地统计分析过程中,在考虑各向异性和趋势效应的情况下,各土层土壤硝态氮含量均具有空间相关性,理论变异模型主要为球状模型和指数模型.同时,选用普通Kriging插值法得到了各土层土壤硝态氮的空间分布图,并对其空间分布特征进行了分析.结果表明,研究区不同土层硝态氮空间分布状况各异,潮白河东部土壤硝态氮含量高于潮白河西部.     

NaCl-H_2SO_4法回收COD_Cr废液中的硫酸银

采用NaCl-H2SO4法回收CODcr废液中的硫酸银,回收率达到80．5％。将回收与市售硫酸银试剂同时对4种废水做CODcr测定的对比实验,经数据分析得出,所回收的试剂完全符合要求,可以循环用于CODcr测定。该方法具有操柞简便、回收率高和成本低的特点。     

电子受体类型对反硝化除磷的影响

利用静态试验研究了电子受体类型对反硝化吸磷的影响,并且对以硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化除磷工艺提出了建议。试验结果表明：电子受体初始浓度为10．58mg／L-22．33mg／L时,以硝酸盐作为电子受体时的反硝化速率要大于以亚硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化速率;以硝酸盐作为电子受体时的缺氧吸磷速率也大于以亚硝酸盐作为电子受体时的缺氧吸磷速率。以硝酸盐作为电子受体的反硝化除磷系统中,亚硝酸盐冲击负荷会对系统脱氮除磷效果产生严重的影响。     

龙须菜对锥状斯氏藻抑制作用的机制

摘要：实验室条件下研究了共培养体系中龙须菜（Gracilaria lemaneiformis）对锥状斯氏藻（Scrippsiella trochoidea）生长的影响,并对其作用机制进行了初步探讨。结果显示,当龙须菜起始生物量为0.5g?L-1时,在彼此隔离的共培养体系中,锥状斯氏藻的生长受到明显的抑制,与对照组相比,细胞最大密度降低并且对数生长期缩短;但这种抑制作用明显弱于在藻体直接接触的共培养体系中的抑制作用,说明藻体直接接触所产生的克生作用是导致龙须菜对锥状斯氏藻抑制作用的主要原因。当龙须菜起始生物量为0.2g?L-1时,对隔离共培养体系中的锥状斯氏藻胞内营养盐含量的测定结果显示,单独培养组锥状斯氏藻胞内硝酸盐含量是共培养组的1.5倍,说明龙须菜能够通过竞争性吸收环境中的硝酸盐来降低锥状斯氏藻胞内硝酸盐的储存含量,从而有效抑制其生长。     

环境水样中氯化物测定方法探讨

文章目的：分析用硝酸银滴定法测定水中氯化物,滴定终点溶液颜色的变化特征,总结其规律,以便分析者做为参考。方法：以环境监测标准中推荐的硝酸银滴定法GB11896-89进行实验测定。结果：当看到溶液为明显的砖红色时,早已过了等当点和滴定终点了,当溶液为比较明显的灰黄色时,虽然已经过了等当点了,但却是滴定终点,用其点计算可以得到准确的结果。结论：在水样滴定的全过程中,不要找溶液成什么明显的砖红色时即为终点,而要找溶液成为较明显的灰黄色时,即为水样滴定终点,用这个点进行计算往往可以得到满意的结果。     

不同电子受体反硝化过程中C/N对N2O产量的影响

试验采用SBR反应器,分别考察了不同C/N条件下,以硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐为电子受体的反硝化过程中N₂O产生情况.投加乙醇作为反硝化碳源,以硝酸盐为电子受体时调节C/N分别为0、 1.2、 2.4、 3.5、 5.0和20,以亚硝酸盐为电子受体时调节C/N分别为0、 1.8、 2.4、 3.0、 4.3、 5.2、 6.6和20.6.结果发现,以亚硝酸盐为电子受体时,最佳C/N为3.0,此时N₂O产生量为0.044 mg·L^－１;以硝酸盐为电子受体时,最佳C/N为5.0,此时N₂O产生量为0.135 mg·L^－１,是以亚硝酸盐为电子受体时的3倍.电子受体类型不同时,N₂O产生量的变化趋势类似：在碳源严重不足时,反硝化率和N₂O产生量均很低;碳源相对不足时N₂O产生量增加;C/N过大时,虽然反硝化速率很快,但N₂O产量也急剧增大.可见,与全程硝化反硝化工艺相比,短程硝化反硝化工艺可节省40%碳源,且控制C/N=3,其反硝化过程产生的N₂O远少于全程反硝化.     

Effect of carbon source on the denitrification in constructed wetlands

The ability of constructed wetlands with di erent plants in nitrate removal were investigated. The factors promoting the rates of denitrification including organic carbon, nitrate load, plants in wetlands, pH and water temperature in field were systematically investigated. The results showed that the additional carbon source (glucose) can remarkably improve the nitrate removal ability of the constructed wetland. It demonstrated that the nitrate removal rate can increase from 20% to more than 50% in summer and from 10% to 30% in winter, when the nitrate concentration was 30–40 mg/L, the retention time was 24 h and 25 mg/L dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was ploughed into the constructed wetland. However, the nitrite in the constructed wetland accumulated a little with the supply of the additional carbon source in summer and winter, and it increased from 0.15 to 2 mg/L in the e uent. It was also found that the abilities of plant in adjusting pH and temperature can result in an increase of denitrification in wetlands. The seasonal change may also impact the denitrification.     

硫氮比对废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联功能茵的影响

从废水脱氮与沼气脱硫耦联反应器中分离到了2株同步脱氮除硫功能菌--荧光假单胞菌(Pseudomonas fluorescens)和铜绿假单胞菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa).在pH 7.0,温度30℃,无供氧,培养时间2 d的条件下进行了2株功能菌纯培养的同步脱氮除硫效果试验,研究了不同硫氮比对同步脱...