ATR-FTIR and XPS study on the structure of complexes formed upon the adsorption of simple organic acids on aluminum hydroxide

Information on the binding of organic ligands to metal （hydr）oxide surfaces is useful for understanding the adsorption behaviour of natural organic matter on metal （hydr）oxide. In this study, benzoate and salicylate were employed as the model organic ligands and aluminum hydroxide as the metal hydroxide. The attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared （ATR-FTIR） spectra revealed that the ligands benzoate and salicylate do coordinate directly with the surface of hydrous aluminum hydroxide, thereby forming innersphere surface complexes. It is concluded that when the initial pH is acidic or neutral, monodentate and bridging complexes are to be formed between benzoate and aluminum hydroxide while bridging complexes predominate when the initial pH is alkalic. Monodentate and bridging complexes can be formed at pH 5 while precipitate and bridging complexes are formed at pH 7 when salicylate anions are adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide. The X-ray photoelectron （XP） spectra demonstrated the variation of C 1 s binding energy in the salicyate and phenolic groups before and after adsorption. It implied that the benzoate ligands are adsorbed through the complexation between carboxylate moieties and the aluminum hydroxide surface, while both carboxylate group and phenolic group are involved in the complexation reaction when salicylate is adsorbed onto aluminum hydroxide. The information offered by the XPS confirmed the findings obtained with ATR-FTIR.     

几种区域土壤重金属污染评价方法的比较研究

根据昆山市2 km×2 km网格土壤采样重金属测试数据,选取As、Cd作为代表元素,以地累积指数为污染指数,运用简单数理统计、正态模糊数与核密度估计对区域土壤重金属总体污染程度进行了评价,系统比较了不同评价方法的结果差异.结果表明:评价的便捷性上,3种方法的排序是简单数理统计正态模糊数法≥核密度估计;结果的准确性上,与简单数理统计相比,正态模糊数法和核密度估计能较敏感地显示研究区域分布极少的污染等级区域,3种方法下研究区As总体污染评价的平均地累积指数相对于参照值的偏差分别为19.2%、19.2%、15.4%,Cd的分别为14.3%、14.3%、10.7%,准确度排序为核密度估计正态模糊数法=简单数理统计,结果所包含信息的全面性上,为正态模糊数法核密度估计=简单数理统计,应用正态模糊数法评价能得到表征总体污染程度的区间数,核密度估计与简单数理统计只能得出唯一值.     

老山自行车馆多点输入下地震响应及强度破坏分析

采用时程分析法分别对奥运会老山自行车馆进行了多点和一致输入下的弹塑性地震响应和强度破坏分析。首先对两种输入方式下的结构响应进行了系统的对比,然后通过对极限加速度峰值、最大节点位移时程、塑性杆件数量和分布及网壳破坏形态等重要参数的统计、分析和归纳,剖析了奥运会老山自行车馆在多点输入和一致输入下的地震响应规律和强度破坏机理。研究表明,在强震作用下,多点输入下支承附近区域的杆件应力大于一致输入,这提示我们应注意该区域杆件的设计;无论是多点输入还是一致输入,结构强度破坏的位移模式都是溢出型;多点输入下结构的塑性开展更为充分,内力更为均匀。     

工业废水BOD5与CODCr相关关系以及BOD5测定的简化法

通过研究BOD5与CODCr的相关性,用线性函数BOD5=a+bCODCr的形式进行一元回归,间接求出BOD5或指导BOD5的测定,验证BOD5结果的准确性以及通过对稀释法公式的推导得出简化法的公式,并与稀释法进行比较,结果表明,简化后的方法与稀释法无显著差异,精密度、准确度较好。     

基于Monte-Carlo随机有限元的火灾可靠性研究--以混凝土简支梁为例

通过对建筑火灾的背景分析和研究现状的回顾,指出了进行建筑火灾可靠性研究的必要性.介绍了蒙特卡罗随机有限元计算的基本原理、随机数的产生办法和模拟次数的确定,最后作者采用通用有限元程序ANSYS计算了混凝土简支梁在不同温度、保护层厚度和荷载下的火灾可靠性.     

山地丘陵地区简易垃圾填埋场周边壤中流污染特性

为探析山地丘陵地区简易垃圾填埋场周边壤中流污染特性,在四川省盐亭县云溪镇垃圾填埋场开展了约1年的水质跟踪监测.结果显示,即使停止服役近20年,简易填埋场依然会通过壤中流向周边环境释放污染.具体而言,简易填埋场下游壤中流污染程度显著高于上游对照组水平（p<0.05）,污染物以有机物和氮为主.化学需氧量（COD）随着季节变化,在144.23~360.57 mg·L^-1.紫外-可见吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱分析均指示水质呈高度腐殖化.采用GC-MS进一步识别壤中流有机物类别,发现其中存在57种难降解的痕量有机物,而具有致癌性、生殖毒性及美国环保局 EPA 优先控制的污染物达15种.填埋场下游壤中流总氮为20.61~290.25 mg·L^-1,且以有机氮为主（54.24%）,硝态氮次之（33.28%）,亚硝氮和氨氮仅占12.48%.可见,简易填埋场壤中流是一种低C/N废水,且具有难降解特性.对简易填埋场下游1 km以内地下水、地表水开展采样检测,发现它们的紫外-可见吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱特性与壤中流类似,指示污染具有同源性.此外,地下水COD为10.05~12.47 mg·L^-1,不满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》（GB5749-2006）要求,地表水总氮为3.83~18.34 mg·L^-1,存在富营养化风险.研究结果明确了对山地丘陵地区简易填埋场壤中流修复的必要性,也为修复技术的制定提供了基础数据.     

东方艺韵——中国传统室内设计风格

中国传统的室内设计具有中国传统文化的一切特征，不管是空间的布局，还是装饰风格，都体现其内在的含蓄风格，在整体意境及设计理念上追求天人合一的自然和谐，同时也是传统建筑有机的组成部分。中国传统的设计元素越来越多地被当今世界设计师所借鉴。     

HYDROGEOCHEMICAL RELATIONSHIPS USING PARTIAL CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS1

ABSTRACT: Sixty-nine groundwater samples were analyzed for six chemical parameters. Partial and simple correlation coefficients for these parameters indicate that partial coefficients are superior to simple coefficients in establishing geochemical relationships for the aqueous system evaluated. The improved reliability arises from the ability of partial correlation analysis to hold outside factors that may be affecting the two variables of interest, constant.     

THE PROBABILITY OF CONSECUTIVE RAINLESS DAYS1

ABSTRACT: A major objective of this work was to develop a method applicable to the Intermountain region for estimating the probability of n consecutive dry days, where n ≤ 30 days. One result was a computationally simple method of producing the desired estimates directly from the rainfall record. For a consecutive dry-day period of n days, these estimates are equivalent to those obtained from a Markov model of order n-1. The efficacy of a simple Markov model was also evaluated. In this climatic region, the simple Markov model produces probability estimates of consecutive dry days that are too conservative, especially at long dry-day periods. In this data set, it was found that the longer the dry-day sequence, the more conservative the Markov estimate. The source of these conservative estimates is the strong dry-day persistence, which is characteristic of summer weather in the Intermountain region. In this region, the best estimates of the probability of consecutive dry days are probably those obtained directly from a representative rainfall record and smoothed by the partial sums of a fourier Series.     

软土地层地铁盾构施工风险可拓评估方法研究

为了综合评价软土地层地铁盾构施工风险,结合软土地层土质特点,选取地质复杂情况、地下水状况、最小覆土厚度、最小曲率半径、掘进长度、与临近周边环境距离和施工管理水平7个风险影响因素作为评价指标,采用简单关联函数法计算得到各评价指标的权重,避免了主观因素的干扰,运用可拓学理论建立了风险可拓评估模型,并将该模型应用于宁波轨道交通工程2号线栎社机场站-栎社新村站盾构区间的风险评估,得到该区间盾构施工风险等级为中度风险,评估结果较好地反映了工程的实际情况。