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381.
BackgroundcontentsofheavymetalsinsedimentsoftheYangtzeRiversystemandtheircalculationmethodsZhangChaosheng,ZhangShen,ZhangLich... 相似文献
382.
采用模糊数学法对城市生活垃圾处理方法进行综合评价 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
采用模糊数学法的理论和方法对城市生活垃圾处理方法进行综合评价。 相似文献
383.
根据"新车新标准,老车老标准"的原则,双怠速法将是汽油车基本检测方法,简易工况法在全国范围内分步实施,柴油车将逐步采用不透光烟度计的测量方法.同时介绍了国外相关标准及检测方法. 相似文献
384.
提高环境统计质量措施刍议 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
针对环境统计数据与环境监测数据不相符的现象,着重对污染废水的采集及监测数据统计处理存在的问题进行分析,提出可行的解决方法。 相似文献
385.
通过试验方法对在用汽油车在稳态ASM工况、IG195瞬态工况下的排放特性进行研究,并与怠速/双怠速工况下的排放测试结果进行比较,分析车龄与排放、发动机燃油供给方式与排放的关系,以及探讨排放因子与车龄的关系。 相似文献
386.
改革创新综合提高环境管理水平 总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1
广东省是国家环保总局环境统计改革的试点,在"十五"期间对环境统计工作进行改革和创新,通过机构整合、三表合一、加强监控等手段,提高数据的准确性和及时性,并避免数出多门,减轻环保部门和企业的负担。本文介绍了广东省的思路和做法。 相似文献
387.
Vaiskunaite R Baltrenas P Spakauskas V 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2005,12(5):297-301
Aim, Scope and Background Human economic activities cause emissions of various pollutants of an organic nature: butanol, butyl acetate, methanol, formaldehyde,
phenol, benzene, toluene, xylene, etc. These compounds are emitted to atmosphere by various enterprises of food, chemistry,
wood processing industries, from transportation means, agricultural enterprises, etc. Therefore, when purifying air from these
pollutants, it is necessary to apply efficient and inexpensive air purification methods. In this dimension, the biological
air purification is chosen from all possible air cleaning methods. An experimental biofilter with the activated charge of
pine bark was developed at the Department of Environment Protection of the Vilnius Gediminas Technical University. In the
course of the experimental investigation, it was determined that this air purification method is efficient. Filter efficiency,
when purifying air of volatile organic compounds (butanol, butyl acetate and xylene), to a great extent, depending on the
nature and concentrations (up to 100 mg/m3) of pollutants injected, might go up to
70-98%. The mathematical model of the biofilter was developed based on the research results and fully taking into consideration
physical, chemical, and biological processes going on during its operations.
Main Features The aim of this article is to determine biodegradation constant , absorption capacity , and half empiric expressions of
filter efficiency. Knowing this, it is possible to find out the dependence of the filter efficiency on the operational parameters
of the filter (i.e. on the concentrations and the height of biocharge of the initial pollutants (butanol, butyl acetate, xylene)
fed through it).
Conclusions With the help of mathematical modeling, the biodegradation constants and absorption capability of volatile organic compounds
(butanol, butyl acetate, and xylene) fed into the biofilter charged with the activated pine bark and used for the cleaning
of volatile organic compounds, as well as the efficiency of the biofilter in half empiric expression, have been established.
It has been discovered that the constant of pollutant biodegradation is a value inverse to the time during which the amount
of pollutants in the filter becomes times higher. It is rather complicated to carry out theoretical calculation of the biodegradation
constant at a molecular level, therefore this constant has been established based on the results obtained in the course of
research. The equations describing pollutant dynamics in the filter charge and the air cleaning processes going on in it have
been derived from diffusion equations in a mobile medium. The modeling helped to find out the absorption capacity of the
examined pollutants, which by its numeric value is equal to the volume unit of the absorbed gas amount. The latter factor,
the same as the biodegradation constant, was determined basing on the experimental results. Mathematical modeling brought
a range of formulas expressing dependences of each pollutant's efficiency on its initial concentrations and filter charge
height.
Recommendation /Outlook. Based on the experimental data, a mathematical model has been developed which will allow the measuring of the filter
efficiency not only with regard to the absorption and biodegradation of the pollutants under examination, but also with regard
to other pollutants and their compounds, etc., having an impact on the filter performance. The results of the mathematical
modeling have revealed that the modeling of processes going on in the filter is much simpler than isthe performance of long
and costly experiments. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to measure the filter efficiency at the present
moment. 相似文献
388.
August Kaiser Helfried Scheifinger Wolfgang Spangl Andrea Weiss Stefan Gilge Wolfgang Fricke Ludwig Ries Danijel Cemas Brigita Jesenovec 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2007,41(40):9273-9287
The Alpine stations Zugspitze, Hohenpeissenberg, Sonnblick, Jungfraujoch and Mt. Krvavec contribute to the Global Atmosphere Watch Programme (GAW) of the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). The aim of GAW is the surveillance of the large-scale chemical composition of the atmosphere. Thus, the detection of air pollutant transport from regional sources is of particular interest. In this paper, the origin of NOx (measured with a photo-converter), CO and O3 at the four Alpine GAW stations is studied by trajectory residence time statistics. Although these methods originated during the early 1980s, no comprehensive study of different atmospheric trace gases measured simultaneously at several background observatories in the Alps was conducted up to present.The main NOx source regions detected by the trajectory statistics are the northwest of Europe and the region covering East Germany, Czech Republic and southeast Poland, whereas the main CO source areas are the central, north eastern and eastern parts of Europe with some gradient from low to high latitudes. Subsiding air masses from west and southwest are relatively poor in NOx and CO.The statistics for ozone show strong seasonal effects. Near ground air masses are poor in ozone in winter but rich in ozone in summer. The main source for high ozone concentration in winter is air masses that subside from higher elevations, often enhanced by foehn effects at Hohenpeissenberg. During summer, the Mediterranean constitutes an important additional source for high ozone concentrations.Especially during winter, large differences between Hohenpeissenberg and the higher elevated stations are found. Hohenpeissenberg is frequently within the inversion, whereas the higher elevated stations are above the inversion.Jungfraujoch is the only station where the statistics detect an influence of air rich in CO and NOx from the Po Basin. 相似文献
389.
徐泽荣 《生态与农村环境学报》1993,(2)
本文在前人工作的基础上,对亚热带草地资源评定因素进行了筛选与合理组合,编排了各评定因素的多层次评判顺序,组建了综合评价草地资源的模糊数学模型。首次应用数学模型对我国亚热带草地资源进行了综合评价。为验证该数学模型的灵敏度,笔者列举了我国南方四个草地类型,作了具体计算。结果表明,数学模型本身具有较高的灵敏度,完全可以用于评价我国南方天然草地资源。 相似文献
390.
Marcelo?Azevedo?CostaEmail author Renato?Martins?Assun??o 《Environmental and Ecological Statistics》2005,12(3):301-319
Routine surveillance of a large geographic region for clusters of adverse health events, particularly cancers, often involves
small area health data, possibly controlling for exposure information. Many different methods have been proposed to test for
the presence of geographical clusters. Two of the most popular methods are the spatial scan method proposed by Kulldorff and
that using a fixed number of cases within scanning circles proposed by Besag and Newell. Although the second test is very
popular, it has some difficulties. While the scan test controls for the multiple testing problem, the Besag and Newell test
does not. Additionally, the latter method requires the setting of several tuning parameters whose values affect the test performance
and are subjectively chosen by the user. This creates a difficulty to make a fair comparison between the two methods and it
explains why there have been few formal studies evaluating their relative performances. In this paper, we modify the Besag
and Newell test allowing for the control of the error type I probability and compare its power with respect to that of the
spatial scan test. We used data sets from a publicly available simulated benchmark. We found that the two methods have similar
results, except for clusters located in sparsely populated regions, where the spatial scan method presented a better performance. 相似文献