数理统计分析法在确定仪器最佳分析条件中的应用

为了能用最少的实验次数，找到最佳的实验条件，将数理统计中的均匀设计与正交设计方法联用，对气相色谱法分析CO实验条件进行重新筛选，找到了一条新途径。该方法既节省人力、物力，又能避免一些被忽视或遗漏的条件。     

Identification of key issues for further investigation in improving the reliability of life-cycle assessments

The interative nature of life-cycle assessment (LCA) means that more details are looked for until a certain level of reliability has been achieved. This paper is concerned with the identification of key issues for further investigation in such an iterative procedure. Key issues in this context are defined as those aspects of an LCA which need more detailed research to arrive at a solid conclusion. The main concept in the context of finding key issues is the study of the propagation of uncertainties in underlying data. The structured procedure of LCA can be described in mathematical terms, so that standard mathematical techniques for the study of the propagation of uncertainties can be employed. The influence of uncertainties in input data on uncertainties in output data can be calculated, and the main source of the resulting uncertainties can be identified. The result of the analysis is a list of prioritized key issues for more detailed research and more accurate data.     

A710钢断裂韧性与再热裂纹扩展量的关联数模

分析了焊后再热裂纹扩展量与断裂韧性的关系,建立了A710钢J积分断裂韧性随裂纹扩展量Δa变化的关联数模,从而为进一步研究材料断裂机理,为含损压力容器临界裂纹尺寸提供了较为可靠的设计判据.     

酸雨对汉白玉的危害研究

采用模拟的方法研究了酸雨对天然汉白玉危害，研究结果表明，酸雨对汉白玉石材的危害主要是溶解腐蚀。根据数量统计获得了影氧化钙损失的因素和腐蚀速率“ｂ”以及腐蚀的规律。     

A simulation analysis of the migration and transformation of pollutants contained in landfill leachate

A dynamic composite model for a soil-water system that can be used to simulate the movement of leachate from a landfill. The composite model includes nine sub-models that trace water movement and the migration and transformation of five pollutants(organic N, NE4^- ,NO3^- , NO2^-, and Cl^ - ) in saturated and unsaturated soil. The model to simulate the movement of leachate from a landfill in Laogang Town,Shanghai City was used. In this application, the values for the model parameters were oblained by performing a laboratory simulation experimentof water movement and pollutant migration and transformation in soil columns. Soil and leachate obtained from the landfill site and its vicinitywere used in the laboratory experiments. The model was then used to simulate leachate movement and pollutant activity during the ten-year period when the landfill was in operation and in the twenty-year period following its closure. The simulation results revealed that the leachate migrated into the groundwater at the rate of 90-100 meters per year. This model can be applied in the design of future landfills in China for the purpose of assessing and forecasting leachate plumes.     

企业环境统计问题及对策

企业环境统计是一项基础性工作，对企业环境统计工作中存在的问题及对策进行了研究，提出了应从企业内部和外部两方面加强企业环境统计工作。     

连铸连轧铝杆延伸率的预测与控制

分析了影响电工铝杆延伸率的主要因素 ,利用多元回归建立了铝杆延伸率的主要影响因素之间的数学模型 ,为有效地对铝杆进行质量预测与控制奠定了基础。     

简易瞬态工况下汽油车挥发性有机物在线排放特征研究

机动车是大气挥发性有机物（VOCs）的重要排放源之一,识别其高分辨率排放特征对于VOCs污染控制具有重要意义.针对现有研究对不同行驶状态下机动车VOCs排放特征精细化描述较为缺乏这一问题,本研究构建了在线与离线相结合的VOCs测量系统,采用底盘测功机运行的简易瞬态工况（VMAS）,对广州市36辆不同排放标准的汽油车尾气VOCs高分辨率排放特征开展在线测量.实时观测结果发现,随着国标加严,VOCs排放至少下降2个数量级.庚烷、丁烯、甲苯、甲醛和甲醇为各类VOCs的特征组分,各组分间的相关系数普遍在0.90~0.97之间.然而,随着国标加严,组分间的相关系数下降到0.20~0.94,醇类与其它组分出现负相关或无相关性.VOCs排放分布集中于变速阶段,高于怠速和匀速阶段所占的比重,其中,甲醛、乙醛和丙酮等含氧挥发性有机物（OVOCs）在不同变速阶段维持较高且稳定的排放.这说明在城市地区降低机动车VOCs排放,长期任务是减少因拥堵或其它因素造成的频繁启动和变速,尽可能确保行驶畅通.本研究在线与离线测试所识别的VOCs组分比对结果一致性较高,在线仪器的使用较好地弥补了离线测试识别VOCs实时排放特征的局限性.     

2003年1-4月国内环境事件数据

简要统计了2003年1—4月国内发生的各种环境事件48件，包括沙尘天气(11件)、污染事件(17件)、山体滑坡和泥石流(4件)、地震(5件)以及其他自然灾害(11件)。最后对沙尘天气和污染问题进行了讨论。     

HYDROLOGIC SIMULATION OF THE LITTLE WASHITA RIVER EXPERIMENTAL WATERSHED USING SWAT1

ABSTRACT: Precipitation and streamflow data from three nested subwatersheds within the Little Washita River Experimental Watershed (LWREW) in southwestern Oklahoma were used to evaluate the capabilities of the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to predict streamflow under varying climatic conditions. Eight years of precipitation and streamflow data were used to calibrate parameters in the model, and 15 years of data were used for model validation. SWAT was calibrated on the smallest and largest sub‐watersheds for a wetter than average period of record. The model was then validated on a third subwatershed for a range in climatic conditions that included dry, average, and wet periods. Calibration of the model involved a multistep approach. A preliminary calibration was conducted to estimate model parameters so that measured versus simulated yearly and monthly runoff were in agreement for the respective calibration periods. Model parameters were then fine tuned based on a visual inspection of daily hydrographs and flow frequency curves. Calibration on a daily basis resulted in higher baseflows and lower peak runoff rates than were obtained in the preliminary calibration. Test results show that once the model was calibrated for wet climatic conditions, it did a good job in predicting streamflow responses over wet, average, and dry climatic conditions selected for model validation. Monthly coefficients of efficiencies were 0.65, 0.86, and 0.45 for the dry, average, and wet validation periods, respectively. Results of this investigation indicate that once calibrated, SWAT is capable of providing adequate simulations for hydrologic investigations related to the impact of climate variations on water resources of the LWREW.