膜生物反应器工艺污水处理厂设计进水水质的确定

城市污水处理厂进水水质是工程设计的基本参数,进水水质的测定分析对污水处理厂的设计具有重要意义。对无锡市城北污水处理厂的现状进水水质进行了调查和分析,提出按照水质指标浓度出现的频率确定污水处理厂设计进水水质的方法,并针对采用的膜生物反应器(MBR)工艺的特点,提出:(1)根据实测数据按照一定的保证概率可以用来确定城市污水处理厂设计进水水质;(2)为了使水质的确定更加符合设计工程的实际情况,根据实测数据分析确定设计进水水质指标时,一般还需要进行趋势性调整和季节性调整;(3)确定合理的指标浓度与流量,以此为依据进行反应池的工艺设计,同时要校核夏季温度高、浓度低、流量大和冬季温度低、浓度高、流量小的工况是否满足处理要求,然后取冬、夏季校核值以及未作季节性调整设计值中最不利情况作为设计值,才能充分保证出水达到处理要求。     

Estimating upper percentiles of surface water monitoring data with sparse samples

The estimation of upper percentiles of chemical concentrations in surface water systems within sites and regions may be necessary for the assessment of potential risk to ecosystems and human health. Limited sample sizes at monitoring sites often limit the use of direct methods to estimate upper percentiles. In such cases, upper percentiles within regions within a time frame may be estimated by pooling data across sites and years, and then deriving percentile estimates from the pooled dataset. The method uses the observations resulting from either a known probability-sampling design or a sampling design treated like one because its observations come close to matching that of a probability-sample. These observations are then weighted to ensure that estimates are representative of a target population across all the sites within the region and the range of years in the time frame. This method of estimating upper percentiles of annual site concentration profiles is demonstrated using atrazine and validated using the monitoring data from both sparsely sampled and high-frequency water monitoring programs, where point and interval estimates of the 90th, 95th, and 99th pooled population percentiles are provided. This method shows that the pooled data from multiple sparse datasets can be used to provide estimates of near-peak concentrations with greater certainty, which are consistent with those generated by high-frequency sampling monitoring programs.     

生物转盘数学模式研讨

为探求能够确切反映转盘净化反应实质及其影响因素且简便实用的数学模式,本文根据物料平衡原理和莫诺特(Monod)关系式建立了形如A/Q(L_(n-1)-L_n)=1/P+K_s/PL_n的转盘数学模式,利用处理生物制品废水的生产性四级转盘系统的试验数据确定出各级转盘的P、K_s、Y、μ_(max)、X_f等动力学参数值,并对此数学模式及其动力学参数进行了分析.认为该数学模式可作为转盘的设计公式,它揭示了转盘净化废水的实质及影响因素,比以往的经验公式更简单实用.建议在设计处理生物制品废水或与其类似废水的生物转盘时,采用文中的数学模式及动力学参数值。     

关于加强环境统计工作的思考

针对江苏省环境统计工作中存在的问题,通过调查研究,提出了加强做好江苏省环境统计工作的有关对策.     

建筑物火灾危险性的模糊评价

依据建筑物火灾危险性的影响因素,应用模糊识别理论及系统安全方法,建立了建筑物火灾危险性的评价指标体系,并应用集值统计方法对各项指标权重进行了处理,将该理论应用到某购物商场火灾危险性评价中,验证了评价模型的准确性,为建筑物防火设计以及安全管理提供了可行的依据。     

跨界融合子处理高浓度有机废水投资最小化模型研究

以跨界融合子基因工程菌处理高浓度有机废水为研究对象,建立了处理系统投资最小化数学模型及相应的约束方程,探讨该处理系统的优化设计问题。研究中以进水ＢＯＤ浓度Ｓ０、微生物浓度Ｘ和回流比Ｒ为初始控制变量,通过对跨界融合子降解豆制品废水实例验证,表明在给定的初始变量范围内有惟一的最优解,为处理工艺的合理设计提供了依据。     

OPTIMUM DESIGN OF BORDER IRRIGATION SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: Border irrigation systems like most of the other surface irrigation systems, do not need too much energy and special equipment. Thus, many farmers have used this system for a long time. On the other hand, design of surface irrigation systems including border irrigation requires many input parameters, and need intensive engineering calculations. The burden of these requirements probably led the users to experimental design of the systems with low efficiencies. However, accurate design and high quality optimization of the border irrigation system that can result in a highly efficient system is possible. In this study, an optimization model for border irrigation system is presented. The Hook Jeev's pattern search optimization method in conjunction with a general mathematical model of border irrigation is used to maximize the irrigation application efficiency. The border irrigation storage and distribution efficiencies, border slope and length, inflow rate, cutoff time, and the Manning's roughness coefficient are selected as constraints. The model is applied to field-measured data. The results show that it is possible to select a suitable combination of the border system's parameters (border's length, inflow rate, and cutoff time) to obtain a maximum application efficiency.     

HotellingT^2检验方法在水质监测数据评价中的应用

一般用ｔ检验和方差分析对水质监测中多项指标进行评价分析,有是会得不到确切的结果。应用多元统计分析中ＨｅｔｅｌｌｉｎｍｇＴ＾２检验法进行分析得到了满意结果。以两个年度水质监测５项指标的监测数据为例,同时用ｔ检验和ＨｅｌｔｅｌｌｉｎｇＴ＾２检测进行评价分析,结果表明,ＨｅｔｅｌｌｉｎｇＴ＾２检验具有更好的实用性和合理性。     

多层丝网结构抑制瓦斯爆炸传播的数学模型

在多层金属丝网结构对瓦斯爆炸传播的抑制作用机理上建立了多层丝网结构抑燃抑爆的数学模型,表述了火焰传播参数、爆炸反应波参数与丝网结构参数之间的关系.     

USE OF A HYDROLOGIC MODEL IN A BASIN-WIDE WATER ALLOCATION PROCEEDING1

ABSTRACT: The Montana Department of Natural Resources and Conservation developed a hydrologic model to help analyze the effects of allocating water for consumptive and instream uses in the upper Missouri River basin of Montana. The model, a PC-based FORTRAN program, uses a mass-balance approach to compute monthly streamflows, reservoir operations, hydropower production, and irrigation and municipal water uses throughout the 54,000 square mile basin for a 59-year base period. Simulation results are presented as monthly mean and percentile-exceedence values. The model was run for baseline conditions and six hypothetical water-allocation alternatives. Results were used by staff resource area specialists to assess potential impacts to water quantity and distribution, water rights, water quality, stream channel form, fisheries, wildlife, recreation, hydropower production, and economics. These analyses were presented to the public and the decision-making board in an environmental impact statement (EIS). Though, in many instances, the model did not allow for detailed, site-specific analyses, the model was an important tool and its simulation results formed the hydrologic basis for the EIS.