Continuous treatment of azo acid dyes by photo-dependent denitrifying sludge

Simultaneous removals of dye and nitrate by photo-dependent denitrifying sludge(PDDS)have been demonstrated in a continuousflow bench-scale reactor.The best C/N for the degradation of azo dyes by PDDS was 1.5.The specific removal rate of azo dye AB92 decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time and increased with a decrease in solids retention time.The degradation rate of TOC decreased with a decrease in hydraulic retention time.AB92,which has nitro and hydroxyl substitutions in non-para positions,was uniquely degraded.During continuous flow treatment experiments using PDDS,complete degradation of azo dyes AB92 and AO20 at influent concentrations of 40mg/L and 30mg/L,respectively,was achieved with an HRT of 16.     

一体式厌氧-好氧流化床反应器同步脱氮除硫实验

采用一体式厌氧-好氧流化床反应器处理含氮和含硫化物的废水,分别考察了硫氮比(硝氮和亚硝氮)、碳氮比(氨氮)等因素对同步脱氮除硫效果的影响,并对厌氧区固体产物进行了分析.实验结果表明:混养条件下获得了较好的脱氮、脱硫、去除COD的效果;s2-浓度增加对厌氧COD去除、反硝化过程无显著影响;当S2-浓度小于4.6mmol·L-1时,对厌氧氨氮去除有一定的促进作用.S/N(NO-3-N和NO-2-N)在0.2～1.7范围内.可以获得20%～75%单质硫转化率.C/NH4 4-N的降低对厌氧脱氮效果无明显影响,但可促进硫化物的去除.X射线衍射分析表明,厌氧区固体产物为单质硫.好氧进水中硫化物浓度增加对好氧区COD去除影响不明显,但S2-浓度大于15mg·L-1时会对硝化过程产生明显抑制.     

基于平面波导传感器的恩诺沙星与诺氟沙星同时检测方法

为了实现对于环境中抗生素恩诺沙星与诺氟沙星的同时快速灵敏检测,本研究基于间接竞争免疫反应模式及荧光全内反射原理,以本课题组自主研发的平面波导生物传感器为平台,建立了恩诺沙星和诺氟沙星的同时快速检测方法.通过对抗体浓度、pH及钙离子浓度的优化,提高了检测方法的灵敏度,结果表明,恩诺沙星的检测限为0.34μg·L~(-1),诺氟沙星的检测限为0.14μg·L~(-1).在单物质检测的基础上,首次实现了基于平面波导传感器的两种抗生素同时检测,检测周期仅15 min,检测限为0.06μg·L~(-1).本研究从理论上分析了同时检测时检测限下降、灵敏度提高的原因,为利用生物传感器法同时检测抗生素提供了理论指导及技术支撑.     

垃圾渗滤液生物脱氮新途径

介绍了垃圾渗滤液的传统脱氮技术，对短程硝化反硝化、同步硝化反硝化和厌氧氨氧化的研究作了综述和讨论，并分析了这些新技术的特点以及在垃圾渗滤液脱氮方面的研究和应用前景，指出了厌氧氨氧化是垃圾渗滤液生物脱氮可能的有效方法。     

FIA流动注射仪同时测定水中挥发酚和氰化物

通过应用FIA流动注射分析仪,成功进行水中挥发酚和氰化物的同时测定,测定数据准确、可靠、高效,大大缩短了测定时间,只需将两种标准配制成混合标样,一次取样完成两个项目的测定。回收率为93%～106%,相关系数达到0 9998以上。     

双功能介孔吸附材料的制备及其同时吸附废水中Cd2+和Cr2O72-的研究

采用直接法和后嫁接法成功制备出骨架掺杂Al原子,孔道表面接枝大位阻含胺基基团的双功能介孔硅基吸附材料.采用SAXRD、TEM、FTIR、NH3-TPD等手段对合成材料进行表征,结果表明合成的双功能AN-SBA-15具有有序的二维六方介孔结构,孔道表面的Al-OH与胺基不会发生自发复合反应.对模拟废水中Cd~(2+)和Cr_2O_7~(2-)的同时吸附去除实验研究表明AN-SBA-15具备同时吸附废水中Cd~(2+)和Cr_2O_7~(2-)离子的能力,吸附最佳pH值为5.0,吸附在40 min就达到平衡.AN-SBA-15对Cd~(2+)和Cr_2O_7~(2-)离子的吸附符合Langmuir模型,属于单层吸附.由Langmuir模型拟合出的AN-SBA-15对Cd~(2+)和Cr_2O_7~(2-)离子的最大吸附容量分别为125.9 mg·g~(-1)和156.5 mg·g~(-1).此外AN-SBA-15具备良好的脱附再生能力.     

MgO/SiO_2纳米复合材料同步吸附亚甲基蓝和Cu~(2+)

采用化学沉积法合成了MgO/SiO_2纳米复合材料,通过扫描电子显微镜和X射线能谱分析(SEM-EDX)、X射线衍射(XRD)、Zeta电位仪、FTIR等方法对其进行了表征。研究了MgO/SiO_2对亚甲基蓝(MB)和Cu~(2+)的吸附行为及同步吸附效果。表征结果表明:MgO/SiO_2为褶皱、凸起的球形形貌;MgO成功负载在SiO_2表面。实验结果表明:MgO/SiO_2对MB和Cu~(2+)的吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型,MB和Cu~(2+)的饱和吸附量分别为83.72 mg/g和208.70 mg/g;MB和Cu~(2+)的同步吸附在MgO/SiO_2表面存在竞争关系;在溶液体积为30m L、MgO/SiO_2加入量为10 mg、MB质量浓度为10 mg/L或Cu~(2+)质量浓度为100 mg/L、吸附温度为25℃、吸附时间为24 h、初始溶液pH为4.00、解吸时间为4 h的条件下,MgO/SiO_2第1次吸附MB和Cu~(2+)的去除率分别为92.8%和90.1%,第5次吸附的去除率分别为59.6%和57.4%。     

A numerical model for drying of spherical object in an indirect type solar dryer and estimating the drying time at different moisture level and air temperature

A numerical model for simultaneous heat and mass transfer was developed for solar drying of spherical objects and the object considered is green peas. Solar collector outlet temperature is assumed as drying chamber temperature and justified through energy balance equations. Assumptions are imposed on heat and mass transfer governing equations without losing the physics of the problem. Discretization is performed by finite difference method with implicit scheme. To generalize, the governing equation and boundary conditions are non-dimensionalized. The set of finite difference equations was solved by Tridiagonal Matrix Algorithm and a computer code in MATLAB was developed to solve them. The drying curves showed two stages of drying, initial, and secondary drying stage. At all drying temperatures and drying time, the center moisture was maximum and it was minimum at the boundary. A percentage of 85.67 surface moisture content and 25.33% center moisture was eliminated in the first 1 hr at 348 K. The product should be dried up to 7.45, 4.74, and 3.74 hr at air drying temperatures of 318, 333, and 348 K respectively, to maintain 10% of the product’s initial moisture content. The result is compared with the experimental result from literature and they are found to be in good agreement.     

同步荧光法同时测定黄土中的菲和萘

建立了同时测定菲和萘混合液中二组分的固定波长同步荧光光谱法.菲和萘的线性范围分别为0.001～0.101mg/L和0.0025～0.25mg/L,检出限分别为0.47ng/mL和0.14ng/mL,相对标准偏差分别为0.48%和0.89%(n=12).此方法可用于研究黄土对菲、萘混合液吸附平衡后上清液中的菲和萘的同时测定.结果表明,黄土对菲和萘的吸附曲线满足Freundlich方程,为预测和治理土壤污染提供了一种快速简便的测试手段.     

SBR系统中同时硝化反硝化生物脱氮研究

采用单级SBR系统处理含有机物和氨氮的模拟污水并研究了单级生物脱氮的主要影响参数。实验采用葡萄糖作为碳源、硫酸铵作为氮源,研究了不同的CN和DO对同时硝化反硝化作用的影响。研究结果表明,当进水CODCr、NH3N浓度分别为244～500mgL和45.4～52.2mgL、反应条件为DO=1.0～3.0mgL、CODCrNH3N=5～10时,反应器中CODCr、NH3N的去除率分别达到87.1%～91.0%、75.1%～94.7%。根据试验结果,对同时硝化反硝化过程的一个代表性周期进行了分析。