NaClO2/NaClO复合吸收液同时脱硫脱硝

针对NaClO2氧化吸收法脱硫脱硝成本过高,难以实现工业化的现状,提出了以NaClO2/NaClO为复合吸收剂的同时脱硫脱硝新方法,比单独NaClO2方法效率高,成本低。考虑实际工况条件,给定SO2与NO的初始浓度分别为2 850 mg/m3和670 mg/m3。结果表明,吸收液初始pH为6.0,液气比L/G为20 L/m3,反应温度为55℃时,平均脱硫脱硝效率分别可达99.8%和94.0%。在此基础上对反应机理进行了分析,总结出实验反应主反应方程式。该方法设备简约,操作简单,容易实现全自动控制,综合成本可以接受,比较适合中小型燃煤锅炉的烟气污染治理。     

好氧反硝化菌TAD1的同步硝化反硝化性能

研究发现嗜热螯台球菌(Chelatococcus daeguensis)TAD1具有同步硝化反硝化性能,可将水中的氨氮去除。重点考察50℃下,碳氮比、碳源、初始pH值、DO浓度等因素对菌株TAD1同步硝化反硝化脱氮性能的影响规律及菌株TAD1的耐氨能力,最后用Minitab软件进行综合优化。结果表明,菌株TAD1在高浓度氨氮(500～3 000 mg/L)下仍具有很高的脱氮能力,pH值和碳源用量是影响TAD1同步硝化反硝化最显著的因素,综合优化后总氮最大去除率达到了70%,证实利用菌株TAD1的同步硝化反硝化性能具有潜在的废水脱氮应用前景。     

分子生态技术对厌氧脱氮除磷微生物优势菌群的鉴定

应用分子生态克隆技术,直接对A/O反应器所驯化培养的厌氧脱氮除磷微生物样品进行主要功能菌群的分子生态学鉴定。通过克隆文库的序列分析,发现驯化培养后厌氧污泥样品中的优势菌群主要是Azospirillum和Selenomonas两个属。这一结果表明,厌氧反应器中的某些红螺菌科和氨基酸球菌科的微生物,可能是在厌氧条件下对氮磷同时降解起关键作用的功能菌群。     

不同温度对SBBR同步短程硝化反硝化处理炼油催化剂废水的影响

采用SBBR在溶解氧1.0 mg/L条件下考察了不同温度对实际炼油催化剂废水脱氮系统效能的影响.结果表明,SBBR容积负荷及同步硝化反硝化(SND)三氮去除率与进水氨氮浓度正相关.不同进水浓度下,反应器SND三氮去除率最高可达40％左右.33、30及28℃条件下,反应器亚硝积累率均可稳定保持在90％以上.不同温度下短程硝化反硝化pH值及ORP变化趋势基本一致,结合在线监控pH值及ORP变化规律调控反应时间,最大限度保证短程硝化的稳定性.     

高效脱氮除磷耦合技术物料平衡系统的构建

为了明确系统中反硝化脱氮的具体途径,在传统活性污泥工艺物料衡算方法的基础上,构建了基于短程硝化、同步硝化反硝化和反硝化除磷耦合技术的新型物料平衡系统。以AAO工艺为例,计算了系统稳定运行期间,碳、氮和磷的物料流向,量化了反硝化的5种脱氮途径。结果表明,通过物料衡算推导,系统短程硝化（PN）效率为64．36％。同步硝化反硝化（SND）效率为57．37％;反硝化除磷（DPR）效率为7．82％。对反硝化途径的分析发现,通过亚硝酸盐型同步硝化反硝化去除的氮占32．7％,而作为除磷电子受体得到去除的氮占11．4％。     

同步硝化反硝化工艺中DO浓度对N2O产生量的影响

采用序批式生物膜反应器（SBBR）,在连续曝气全程好氧的运行条件下,考察不同溶解氧浓度对同步硝化反硝化脱氮性能及N2O产量的影响。控制溶解氧浓度恒定在1、2、2.5和3 mg/L。结果表明,DO为2 mg/L和2.5 mg/L时,氨氮去除率分别为97.9%和98.5%,同步硝化反硝化率均为99%。DO为2 mg/L时,系统中N2O产生量最低,为0.423 mg/L,占氨氮去除量的1.4%;DO为3 mg/L时N2O的产生量最高,为2.01 mg/L,是DO为2 mg/L时的4.75倍。系统中亚硝酸盐的存在可能是高溶解氧条件下N2O产量增加的主要原因,同步过程中没有NOx-的积累即稳定的SND系统有利于降低生物脱氮过程中N2O的产生量。     

Experimental study on the simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification by duct injection

The highly active absorbent with oxidization based on fly ash, lime and additive was prepared.Experiments of simultaneous desulfurization and denitrification were carried out using fixture bed and duct injection.The influencial factors for the absorptive capacity of the absorbent were studied. The absorptive capacities of 120.7 mg for SO2 and 43.7 mg for NOx were achieved at a Ca/(S N) molar ratio 1.2, respectively, corresponding removal efficiencies of 87% and 76%, while spent absorbent appeared in the form of dry powder. The optimal temperature and humidity of flue gas treated with this process were shown to be approximately 50℃, and 5% respectively. The mechanism of removal for SO2 and NOx was investigated. In comparison with traditional dry FGD,this process appears to have lower cost, less complicated configuration and simpler disposal of used absorbent. The valuable references can be provided for industrial application by this process. The foreground of application will be vast in China and in the world.     

同步脱氮除磷工艺中好氧池最适氧浓度研究

AB工艺无厌氧、缺氧段,氮、磷的去除率低,不具备深度脱氮除磷功能。而A2/O工艺具有同步脱氮除磷功能,可以作为AB工艺改造方案之一。试验以实际生活污水为对象,研究好氧池中不同的溶解氧浓度范围内系统对COD、氮、磷的去除效果。试验结果表明,好氧池DO对COD的去除影响较小,出水平均值达到21.9mg/L;对氨氮的去除则起着关键作用,在DO为3.0mg/L以下时,氨氮的去除率随着DO的增大而升高;DO为1.5～2.5mg/L时总氮去除效果最佳,过低、过高对总氮的去除都不利;总磷的去除效果几乎不受好氧池DO的影响,但厌氧池和缺氧池的释磷、吸磷过程却受DO的影响变化较大。系统中厌氧池和缺氧池同时出现了反硝化和吸磷作用,但尚不能判断是否存在反硝化除磷现象。     

Simultaneous nitrogen and phosphor removal in an aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor

Simultaneous nitrification and denitrification （SND） effect and phosphor removal were investigated in a one-staged aerobic submerged membrane bioreactor on pilot-scale with mixed liquor suspended solids （MLSS） 19--20 g/L. The effects of DO concentration, sludge floc size distribution on SND were studied. Test results suggested that SND was successfully performed in the membrane bioreactor （MBR） and about 70% total nitrogen removal efficiency was achieved when DO concentration was set to 0.2-- 0.3 mg/L. The main mechanisms governing SND were the suitable sludge floc size and the low DO concentration which was caused by low oxygen transfer rate with such a high MLSS concentration in the MBR. In the meantime, phosphor removal was also studied with polymer ferric sulfate （PFS） addition and 14 mg/L dosage of PFS was proper for the MBR to remove phosphor. PFS addition also benefited the MBR operation owing to its reduction of extracellular polymer substances （EPS） of mixed liquor.     

环境水样及蔬菜中NO2-和NO3-的流动注射光度法同时测定

将流动注射技术引入Ｎ－（１－萘基）乙烯二胺光度法测定ＮＯ２＾－分析体系,采用单阀双带注入镀镉锌片还原柱带隔离的阀体流路,建立了同时测定微量ＮＯ２＾－和ＮＯ３＾－的分析方法。