高处坠落事故的人因失误与干预策略研究

为系统分析导致高处坠落人因事故的产生机理,通过统计152起建筑工程高处坠落事故的调查与分析报告,从组织影响、安全监管、不安全行为前提条件和不安全行为等4个层次,辨识影响高处坠落事故的人为失误因素,修订人为因素分析与分类系统框架（HFACS）。设计高处坠落人因失误调查问卷,开展一线高处作业人员问卷调查,建立高处坠落人因失误结构方程模型,对导致高处坠落事故的人为失误因素进行路径分析。结果表明:各潜在因素间均呈正相关,且高处坠落人因失误事故的关键路径为资源管理不到位→安全监督培训不充分→班组管理不良→操作违规。综合各因素间相关性,提出了针对性的预防高处坠落事故的人因干预策略。     

服务业员工安全行为模型构建与实证研究

为探索服务业员工安全行为的影响因素和作用机制,提升服务业安全绩效,本文首先采用结构方程模型方法构建服务业员工安全行为的假设模型;然后采用经过修订的信效度较高的成熟量表,在北京、上海等地的9家五星级酒店进行问卷调查;最后对研究假设进行实证检验,得到服务业员工安全行为的影响因素和作业路径。研究表明:服务安全主体中的服务安全培训、服务设备条件和员工身体状态对安全遵守行为产生直接影响,员工精神状态对安全遵守行为和安全参与行为均有直接影响。服务安全管理中的管理层重视度作用于服务作业流程和设备维护制度,经由服务安全主体影响员工安全行为。     

Rainfall conditions and rainwater harvesting potential in the urban area of Khartoum

Runoff water management is among the inherent challenges which face the sustainability of the development of arid urban centers. These areas are particularly at risk from flooding due to rainfall concentration in few heavy showers. On the other hand, they are susceptible to drought. The capital of Sudan (Khartoum) stands as exemplary for these issues. Hence, this research study aims at investigating the potential of applying rainwater harvesting (RWH) in Khartoum City Center as a potential urban runoff management tool. Rapid urbanization coupled with the extension of impervious surfaces has intensified the heat island in Khartoum. Consequently, increased frequency of heat waves and dust storms during the dry summer and streets flooding during the rainy season have led to environmental, economical, and health problems. The study starts with exposing the rainfall behavior in Khartoum by investigating rainfall variability, number of raindays, distribution of rain over the season, probability of daily rainfall, maximum daily rainfall and deficit/surplus of rain through time. The daily rainfall data show that very strong falls of >30 mm occur almost once every wet season. Decreased intra- and inter-annual rainfall surpluses as well as increased rainfall concentration in the month of August have been taking place. The 30-year rainfall variability is calculated at decade interval since 1941. Increasing variability is revealed with 1981–2010 having coefficients of variation of 66.6% for the annual values and 108.8–118.0% for the wettest months (July–September). Under the aforementioned rainfall conditions, this paper then explores the potential of RWH in Khartoum City Center as an option for storm water management since the drainage system covers only 40% of the study area. The potential runoff from the 6.5 km² center area is computed using the United States Natural Resources Conservation Services method (US-NRCS), where a weighted Curve Number (CN) of 94% is found, confirming dominant imperviousness. Rainfall threshold for runoff generation is found to be 3.3 mm. A 24,000 m³ runoff generated from a 13.1 mm rainfall (with 80% probability and one year return period) equals the drainage system capacity. An extreme rainfall of 30 mm produces a runoff equivalent to fourfold the drainage capacity. It is suggested that the former and latter volumes mentioned above could be harvested by applying the rational method from 18% and 80% rooftops of the commercial and business district area, respectively. Based on the above results, six potential sites can be chosen for RWH with a total roof catchment area of 39,558 m² and potential rooftop RWH per unit area of 0.033 m³. These results reflect the RWH potential for effective urban runoff management and better water resources utilization. RWH would provide an alternative source of water to tackle the drought phenomenon.     

工业废水BOD5与CODCr相关关系以及BOD5测定的简化法

通过研究BOD5与CODCr的相关性,用线性函数BOD5=a+bCODCr的形式进行一元回归,间接求出BOD5或指导BOD5的测定,验证BOD5结果的准确性以及通过对稀释法公式的推导得出简化法的公式,并与稀释法进行比较,结果表明,简化后的方法与稀释法无显著差异,精密度、准确度较好.     

云南省优势矿产尾矿砂捕集及矿化封存CO2潜力分析

为了解云南省尾矿库“两个清单”中保留库的碳减排潜力,使用改进的Steinour方程计算了云南省各州市不同类型尾矿砂的CO₂固定量,根据《IPCC国家温室气体列表指南》中提供的方法计算了云南省2011~2020年碳排放量.结果表明,红河州、玉溪市、昆明市尾矿砂的捕集及矿化封存CO₂的潜力较大,占云南省保留库尾矿砂CO₂矿化封存量的65.79%;铅锌矿、赤泥、锡矿的理论固碳量较高,分别为0.201, 0.173, 0.158t/t,以上3种尾矿砂的固碳量占云南省尾矿砂固碳量的79.45%;若将云南省保留库堆存的尾矿砂全部用于CO₂的矿化封存,可减少2011~2020年间云南省累积碳排放量的2.81%,工业碳累积排放量的3.16%,采矿业碳排放量的12.36%,具有较好的工业应用前景.