基于CAN总线技术的智能火灾自动报警系统

介绍了以CAN总线技术为基础，以单片机为多机系统构成的通用智能火灾自动报警系统。CAN是一种快速的串行总线，它为传感器和传动机构之间提供了高效、可靠和经济的连接。CAN采用双绞线连接时，可以实现最多40个设备间的高达1Mbit／s的数据传输。本系统采用了先进的CAN总线技术，并利用诸多的智能特性为解决火灾自动报警系统存在的漏报和误报两大难题提供了新的方法和手段，提高了系统的可靠性和 准确性，并为工程设计施工提供了极大的方便。     

单级活性污泥过程数学模型ASM2D参数的灵敏度分析

利用单级活性污泥模拟流程对ASM2D参数的灵敏度进行了研究,发现在67个化学计量系数及动力学常数中,有22个参数需在应用中进行校核．该项研究结果为ASM2D实际应用中减少需校核参数的个数提供了依据．     

边着色图上单色三角形个数的一种证明

通过赋权的方法讨论了单色三角形数量的范围,给出一种较简单的证明,介绍了板植图的存在性。     

基于核探针研究的大气气溶胶单颗粒指纹数据库的研制

探讨了基于核探针研究的大气气溶胶单颗粒脂纹数据库研制的几个问题，主要包括指纹数据库的设计思想与数据结构、数据库系统功能、系统功能实现以及实验方法。同时该数据库被应用于上海市大气气溶胶环境监测当中，结果表明：该数据库不但能够快速的提供来自不同污染源颗粒物的信息，而且还可以追踪解析大气污染物的来源及其贡献率，为大气环境监测提供实时监测服务。     

燃料空气炸药一次引爆爆炸效应实验研究

为了提高燃料空气炸药（FAE）爆炸威力,设计制备了不同相态的FAE,并采用光测和电测方法,开展了开放空间下FAE一次引爆对比实验研究。结果表明:固态、液固混合及液态FAE被一次引爆后,均存在引爆中心装药、抛撒燃料、点火和爆炸4个阶段,云雾存续时间均长于等质量TNT装药的相应值,随着距离增加,固态FAE爆炸场超压变化规律为“减少-增加-减少”,其值高于等质量TNT装药的相应值;液态、液固混合FAE爆炸场超压变化规律为“增加-减少”,远场超压高于等质量TNT装药的相应值。     

Antenatal detection of a single umbilical artery: does it matter?

The presence of a single umbilical artery is recognised as a soft marker for congenital anomalies, aneuploidy, earlier delivery and low birthweight. Most of the available data are derived from case series or highly selected populations and are therefore likely to be unrepresentative. In this retrospective case-comparison study, we firstly aimed to determine the incidence of a single umbilical artery in an unselected population and secondly to examine the clinical significance of this soft marker. Over a 40-month period, 107 cases were identified from a cohort of 35 066 births giving an incidence of 3.1 per 1000 total births and late pregnancy losses. The antenatal detection rate was only 30%. Compared to fetuses with normal cord vasculature, fetuses with a single umbilical artery were more likely to be delivered at an earlier gestation and to weigh less, were 1.7 times more likely to be delivered by a Caesarean section and 19% of the cases had a congenital anomaly. The perinatal mortality was 49.0 per 1000 total births, which was 6 times higher than the background hospital rate. The presence of a single umbilical artery is associated with a poorer perinatal outcome compared to that in fetuses with three vessels in the cord. Unfortunately, the antenatal detection rate is poor. Recognising the importance of this soft marker in counselling and management of pregnancies should provide the stimulus to improve detection rates. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不同水质评价方法在通江湖泊中的适用性—以洞庭湖为例

三峡工程运行使得通江湖泊与长江原有的江湖关系发生明显变化,进而影响通江湖泊水环境,如何有效评价长江流域最大的通江湖泊洞庭湖的水质显得尤为重要。在洞庭湖湖区设置15个采样点,选取9项水质参数,运用单因子指数法、主成分分析（PCA）法、内梅罗污染指数法及Shannon-Weaver多样性指数法对2019年1—12月洞庭湖水质进行综合评价。结果显示,单因子指数法可快速准确评价水质类别,内梅罗污染指数法计算简单并在水质评价中得到广泛应用,但这2种方法均无法准确给出不同采样点间受污染程度的差异,而Shannon-Weaver多样性指数评价结果与部分采样点实际情况不符。综合考虑不同评价方法的适用性和准确性,推荐使用PCA法开展洞庭湖水质评价,该方法既能反映各主要污染指标及其贡献率,也能对不同区域水体受污染程度进行排序,且评价结果客观实际,更适用于洞庭湖区域的水质评价工作。但是在水质评价管理工作中,建议结合单因子指数法对水质类别进行判定,以保证管理的实效性。

     

Reduction of sampling and analytical errors for electron microscopic analysis of atmospheric aerosols

Electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (EM/EDS) can be used to determine the elemental composition of individual particles. However, the accuracy with which atmospheric particle compositions can be quantitatively determined is not well understood. In this work we explore sources of sampling and analytical bias and methods of reducing bias. Sulfuric acid [H₂SO₄] and ammonium sulfate [(NH₄)₂SO₄] particles were collected on beryllium, silicon, and carbon substrates with similar deposition densities. While [(NH₄)₂SO₄] particles were observed on all substrates, [H₂SO₄] and ammonia-treated [H₂SO₄] particles could not be found on beryllium substrates. Interactions between the substrate and sulfuric acid particles are implicated. When measured with EM/EDS, [H₂SO₄] particles exposed to ammonia overnight were found having lower beam damage rates (0.000 ± 0.002 fraction s⁻¹) than those without any treatment (0.023 ± 0.006 fraction s⁻¹) For laboratory-generated [C₁₀H₆(SO₃Na)₂] particles, the composition determined using the experimental k-factors evaluated from independent particle standards of similar composition and size shows an error less than 20% for all constituents, while greater than 78% errors were found when k-factors were calculated from the theory. This study suggests (1) that sulfate beam damage can be reduced by exposure of atmospheric particle samples to ammonia before analysis, (2) that beryllium is not a suitable substrate for atmospheric particle analysis, and (3) calibration (k-factor determination) using particle standards of similar size and composition to particles present in the atmosphere shows promise as a way of improving the accuracy of quantitative EM analysis.     

高浓度发酵废水生产单细胞蛋白的菌种筛选

为了回收高浓度发酵废水中的有用资源,以近平滑假丝酵母（C. parapsilosis）、热带假丝酵母（C. tropicalis）、产朊假丝酵母（C. utilis）、汉逊德巴利酵母（D. hansenli）、酿酒酵母（S. cerevisiae）、皮状丝孢酵母（T. cutaneum）、白地霉（G. candidum）和黑曲霉（A. niger）8种常见工业菌种为研究对象,通过摇瓶发酵,考察了不同菌种利用高浓度发酵废水生产单细胞蛋白（SCP）的能力,同时比较废水灭菌和不灭菌两种条件对SCP产量的影响。结果表明,在废水COD浓度69 600 mg·L-1、TN浓度4 048 mg·L-1、初始pH 6.5、28℃、150 r·min-1、灭菌条件下发酵40 h,C. parapsilosis的菌体生物量和粗蛋白含量最高,可达7.04 g·L-1和1.87 g·L-1,对废水中COD和TN的去除率分别为33.5%和20.1%;C. parapsilosis和G. candidum可作为废水生产SCP并高效回收氮素和有机质的优势菌种。在不灭菌条件下,各菌种生产SCP的能力明显高于灭菌条件,且不同菌种产量差异不大,生物量和粗蛋白含量平均高达8.0 g·L-1和4.0 g·L-1,废水COD和TN的去除率分别为47%和33%。     

响应面分析法优化给水污泥吸附除磷工艺

以给水污泥为吸附材料,对模拟含磷废水进行了吸附研究。在单因素实验基础上,选取投加量、pH和粒径3种因素为影响因子,以磷的去除率为响应值,采用Box-Behnken响应面分析法(BBD)研究了3种因素对磷去除率的影响以及各因素间的交互作用。建立了二次多项式回归方程预测模型,成功预测出最佳除磷工艺条件为污泥投加量3.88 g/L,pH=3.00,粒径1.00 mm,该条件下磷的去除率可达95.13%.因此,响应面分析法是优化给水污泥吸附除磷工艺的可行方法。