海绵城市地块汇水区颗粒污染物的传输

目前我国海绵工程建设多集中在地块汇水区单元内开展,通过多个低影响开发(LID)设施协同完成地表径流水质水量的调控,但基于地块汇水区尺度下城市面源污染的产生和控制效果鲜有报道.本研究比较分析了不同硬化率地块汇水单元内的面源颗粒污染物晴天累积、降雨冲刷、地表径流及径流输出负荷状况.结果表明,地块汇水单元内硬质路面是面源颗粒污染物贡献的最主要的下垫面类型,中硬化率(61.1%)地块和高硬化率(73.6%)地块路面街尘累积量分别约占汇水区单元的88.4%(2.22～12.51 g·m^-2)和90.1%(4.99～33.43 g·m^-2),对径流SS的输出贡献比率分别约为91.7%(0.97～7.34 g·m^-2)和90.5%(0.92～18.77 g·m^-2),降雨径流SS污染负荷占比分别约为95.2%和83.1%,经LID设施处理后输出径流污染负荷约为地表径流的24.0%和40.2%.硬质路面的街尘晴天累积及降雨冲刷以>150μm为主,地表径流及输出径流则以<50μm粒径段为主,同时地块不透水...     

乌鲁木齐冬季雾天可吸入颗粒物透射电子显微镜研究

利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)对乌鲁木齐冬季雾天采集的可吸入颗粒物(PM_2.5、PM_2.5~10)的形貌特征和集聚状态进行分析。将乌鲁木齐大气可吸入颗粒物分为烟尘集合体、飞灰、矿物颗粒、硫酸盐和有机颗粒等5种单颗粒类型,并讨论了其来源。TEM分析表明,PM_2.5中烟尘集合体占14%,飞灰占7.4%,矿物颗粒占24%,硫酸盐占16.7%,有机颗粒占20.4%;PM_2.5~10 中烟尘集合体没有观察到,飞灰占4.9%,矿物颗粒占26.8%,硫酸盐占12.2%,有机颗粒占58.5%。     

花岗岩颗粒流模型循环压缩作用下裂纹特征分析

为了分析花岗岩颗粒流模型循环作用下的裂纹特征，基于花岗岩单轴压缩试验得到的应力应变曲线，完成了PFC3D数值试验的参数标定，探讨了不同循环次数下数值试件内部裂纹数目、分布和角度的变化规律。研究结果表明:平行黏结模型能够正确表达花岗岩的主要力学性质；在数值试验加载至破坏过程中，裂纹数目以应力应变曲线峰值点为分界，峰后阶段产生的裂纹数占总裂纹数的60%~90%;张剪裂纹最初产生于试件两端，随着加载进行，裂纹向着试件中部发展贯通，最终形成宏观剪切破坏带；剪切裂纹的角度分布方向明显，与轴向加载方向相同；张拉裂纹角度分布则在轴向加载方向和水平方向上略显集中。研究结果可为矿山安全回采矿柱提供依据。     

Emissions of volatile hydrocarbons from floating roof tanks and their local dispersion: Considerations for normal operation and in case of damage

This work investigates the release and dispersion of volatile organic hydrocarbons, which may escape from external floating roof tanks (EFRT) during normal operation or in case of damage. The dispersion will be described using CFD simulations in close range of the EFRT where hazardous areas are assigned. The aim of this work is to investigate which events can lead to emissions in dangerous quantities and to estimate the corresponding likelihood with regard to explosion protection. An emission in hazardous amount is present if the lower explosion limit has been exceeded and if the extent of this emission is not too low. It is discussed in particular whether the used zoning of potentially explosive areas is conservative or over-conservative.     

气溶胶中正构烷烃的碳优先指数研究

本文研究了北京、广州两地不同季节气溶胶颗粒物上正构烷烃的碳优先指数值(CPI)随季节和颗粒物粒径的变化规律。结果表明,北京地区气溶胶中正构烷烃的CPI值:春>夏>秋>冬;广州地区为冬>春>夏,显示了不同的地区特征,而且随着气溶胶颗粒物粒径的减小,正构烷烃的CPI值亦减小。     

固体可燃物易点燃性标准的探讨

可燃性固体的引燃和熄灭与辐射到其表面的临界热能量和产生挥发分所必需的表面温度有关。探讨固体可燃物易点燃性标准,燃怀标准,对防火和灭火在理论上有一定的指导意义。本文在理论分析的基础上,提出了一种用固体挥发分的临界质量通量量化解释引燃和熄灭条件的方法,给出了易点燃性的标准。     

JDS—100型红外分光测油仪的常见问题及解决方法

从几个方面阐述JDS－100型红外分光测油仪在使用过程中遇到的问题，并提出了解决方法。     

Determination of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry after molecularly imprinted polymer extraction

A solid phase extraction procedure (SPE) is described for the quantitative analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in atmospheric particulate matter (PM), as ubiquitous environmental pollutants routinely measured in air quality monitoring. A SPE cartridge was used based on a molecular imprinted polymer (MIP-SPE) properly tailored for selective retention of PAHs with 4 and more benzene fused rings. The performance of the clean-up procedure was evaluated with the specific concern of selective purification towards saturated hydrocarbons, which are the PM components mostly interfering GC analysis of target PAHs. Under optimized operative conditions, the MIP-SPE provided analyte recovery close to 95% for heavier PAHs, from benzo(α)pyrene to benzo(ghi)perylene, and close to 90% for four benzene rings PAHs, with good reproducibility (RSDs: 2.5%-5.9%). Otherwise, C₁₇-C₃₂ n-alkanes were nearly completely removed. The proposed method was critically compared with Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) using a polyacrylate fiber. Both methods were successfully applied to the analysis of ambient PM_2.5 samples collected at an urban polluted site. Between the two procedures, the MIP-SPE provided the highest recovery (R% ≥ 93%) for PAHs with 5 and more benzene rings, but lower for lighter PAHs. In contrast, SPME showed a mean acceptable R% value (∼ 80%) for all the investigated PAHs, except for the heaviest PAHs in the most polluted samples (R%: 110%-138%), suggesting an incomplete purification from the interfering n-hydrocarbons.     

磁种凝聚-磁分离技术处理含Ni~(2+)电镀废水的研究

应用磁种凝聚 磁分离技术处理Ni2 + 电镀废水。首先进行了磁种凝聚的试验 ,研究了pH、磁种、聚丙烯酰胺对Ni(OH) 2 沉淀物与磁种凝聚成“磁性矾花”过程的影响。其次进行了从废水中脱除磁性矾花的磁分离试验 ,考查了磁分离器的磁场强度对磁分离过程的影响。试验结果表明 ,经这种方法处理后 ,废水中Ni2 + 的去除率达到 99%以上 ,出水中Ni2 + 浓度为 0 4 2mg L ,而且Ni2 + 可以回收 ,磁种经酸泡后可以循环再用     

基于统一强度理论的松散岩体的围岩压力计算

对于软弱破碎岩体,在埋深较浅的情况下,可以采用太沙基理论计算围岩压力。破裂面两侧作用着摩擦力,采用统一强度理论考虑破裂面两侧的摩擦力,从应力传递概念出发,推得了作用于衬砌上的垂直围岩压力公式。计算结果表明强度理论的效应是明显的。本文给出了围岩压力的范围值。