无火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋气溶胶中铜,铅,镉

介绍了用高流量大气采样器和瓦特曼滤膜采集样品，以硝酸－高氯酸消化，无火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定海洋气溶胶中铜、铅、镉。对高流量大气采样流量校准、滤膜选用，仪器测试条件及消化方法进行试验和讨论。本方法检测限分别为铜１．８ｎｇ／ｍ３、铅１．４ｎｇ／ｍ３、镉０．７ｎｇ／ｍ３，变异系数分别为铜９．６％、铅８．９％、镉１８．０％。     

Direct numerical simulation of the motion of circular pollutant particles in Newtonian fluid

An improved implementation of distributed multiplier/fictitious domain method is presented for the direct numerical simulation of particulate flow. The key improvement is to replace a finite-element triangulation for the velocity and a “twice-coarser“ triangulation for the pressure with a rectangular discretization for the velocity and pressure. For code validation, the sedimentation of a single particle in a twodimensional channel was simulated. The results showed that the simulation is independent of the mesh size as well as the time step. The comparison between experimental data and this simulation showed that our code can give a more accurate simulation on the motion of particlesthan previous DLM code. The code was then applied to simulate the sedimentation of 600 particles in a rectangular box. The falling course ispresented and discussed. At the same time, this simulation also demonstrates that the method presented in this paper can be used for solving the initial problems involving a lager number of particles exaclly with computing durations kept at acceptable levels.     

Ge(Li)γ谱仪在核事故应急监测中的应用

本文应用Ge(Li)γ谱仪,研究快速测定环境样品中γ放射性核素的方法。由大面积沉降物的γ能谱判断其受核污染的情况;制备标准源γ射线能量与探测效率曲线,计算环境样品中γ放射性核素的含量。     

高精度热电离质谱定年及其对第四纪环境研究的意义

用高精度、高灵敏度不平衡铀系热电离质谱 (TIMS)法测定第四纪地质年龄 ,并已在古气候、古环境、古海洋、考古学以及近代活动火山作用的研究中取得了一系列重要成果。本文介绍了我们用MAT -2 62质谱仪对石笋、珊瑚进行测试并取得比较满意结果的情况。     

兰州西固地区气溶胶污染源的鉴别

本实验测定了兰州西固地区气溶胶中13种元素含量。用主因子分析(PFA)和目标转移因子分析(TTFA)法对数据进行处理,分辨出细粒子六个源和粗粒子四个源,并计算出各源对总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)的贡献,发现煤飞灰是当地的一个主要污染源。     

Aerosol Number Concentrations during Kosa Events on Suburban Hills in Japan

Measurements of aerosol size-separated number concentrations were performed in March 2001 on the Tama Hills of Japan, located near regions of heavy industry. The concentrations of particles larger than 1.0 μ m in diameter dramatically increased during the Kosa phenomena on 6–8 and 18–24 March. The number concentrations of coarse particles (> 3.0 μm) showed distinct diurnal variations, especially during the Kosa events. Fine particles smaller than 0.5 μm increased when the relative humidity was high and the wind speed was low. On the other hand, the coarse particles concentrations were well correlated with wind speed and temperature. The dry deposition velocity of the coarse particles at the forest canopy was estimated from the nighttime decrease in the number concentrations.     

The Relative Influences of Primary and Secondary Particulates to Urban Air Quality in the United Kingdom

This study uses a combination of data from U.K. monitoringstations and from modelling undertaken with the U.K.Meteorological Office's NAME Model to investigate therelative influences of primary and secondary particulateson total PM₁₀ levels at sites in the United Kingdom. Co-located PM₁₀ and sulphate aerosol measurementsindicate that sulphate has a disproportionately largeinfluence on the variation of PM₁₀ levels incomparison to its contribution to their total mass.Comparisons of measured PM₁₀ at urban centre, roadsideand rural sites suggest that local primary sources havevery little influence on daily mean levels. NAME has beenused to model both primary particles and sulphate aerosolfrom sources across the whole of Europe. The discrepanciesbetween modelled and observed PM₁₀ suggest that coarseparticles, such as windblown dust and resuspended roaddust,may comprise a very large, if not dominant, proportion ofobserved PM₁₀ levels. The apparently minor role ofprimary particles (especially locally-sourced ones) raisesa number of issues regarding the suitability of current U.K.and European legislation to addressing the particle problem.     

气溶胶过滤捕集效率的理论研究

本分析了气溶胶过滤理论的研究与发展，推导了稳定过滤过程捕集效率计算模型，并在此基础上，考虑颗粒在纤维表面的沉积，根据质量守恒定律，建立非稳定过滤过程数学模型，通过理论求解，得出非稳定过滤捕集效率理论计算公式。通过相关实验研究对比表明：该模型可描述非稳定过滤过程随时间的变化趋势，为预测捕集效率、延长滤料使用寿命提供理论依据。     

单季晚稻穗颈瘟气象预报集成模型

根据1985—1998年上海地区单季晚稻穗颈瘟发生程度资料、地面气象资料、500hPa高空环流因子和北太平洋海温场资料，挑选相关系数较高且稳定性好的预报因子，在应用逐步回归和逐步判别分析方法组建预报模型的基础上，集成了单季晚稻穗颈瘟发生程度的长、中、短期预报模型。3种预报集成模型的起报时间分别为当年的3月、7月和8月下旬。这3种预报集成模型对1985-1998年的历史拟合和1999—2002年的预报，误差均未超过1级。     

Conservation of Biodiversity: How Are We Doing?

A question rarely raised in discussions on biodiversity conservation, but surely the biggest question of all, is “How much time do we have left before the mass extinction underway surpasses our best efforts to contain it?” This prompts a further prime question because—and unlike all other problems, whether environmental or otherwise—the biotic crisis threatens to leave a severely impoverished planet for millions of years ahead; “Why do we not undertake the necessary actions to get on top of the problem before it gets on top of us?”