速生杨木粉尘最小点火能的实验研究

为防止木材加工中木质粉尘燃爆事故的发生,以纤维板生产中常见的原材料速生杨木粉尘作为研究对象,在分析粉尘粒径分布、元素分析、工业分析及形貌特征的基础上,采用1.2 L哈特曼管对3种不同粒径（0~50,＞50~96,＞96~180 μm）速生杨木粉尘进行最小点火能实验,探究点火延迟时间、喷粉压力、质量浓度和粒径分布对速生杨木粉尘最小点火能的影响及变化规律。研究结果表明:在质量浓度为500 g/m3时,分别增加点火延迟时间和喷粉压力,最小点火能都先减小后增大;最佳点火延迟时间和最佳喷粉压力分别为120 ms和120 kPa;粒径对最佳点火延迟时间和最佳喷粉压力无显著影响。在点火延迟和喷粉压力分别为120 ms和120 kPa条件下,最小点火能随质量浓度的增加先减小后增大。粉尘粒径与最小点火能呈正相关性,3种样品的最小点火能分别为1~3,1~3和7~13 mJ,对应的敏感质量浓度分别为500 ,750和1 250 g/m3,属于特别着火敏感性粉尘。     

全自动消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定土壤中16种元素

采用HNO_3-HF-HClO_4消解体系,建立了全自动消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱仪测定土壤中~(75)As、~9Be、~(51)V、~(55)Mn、~(59)Co、~(60)Ni、~(63)Cu、~(66)Zn、~(98)Mo、~(111)Cd、~(138)Ba、~(205)Tl、~(208)Pb、~(107)Ag、~(52)Cr、~(121)Sb等16种元素的新方法。通过碰撞池技术和编辑干扰元素校正方程有效校正了质谱干扰,并用内标校正了土壤基体干扰。用土壤标准物质GSS-13验证该方法,其校准曲线相关系数大于0.999 9,方法检出限在0.005~0.5μg/g之间,RSD为0.22%~2.35%,加标回收率为92%~114%。采用该方法测定实际土壤样品,加标回收率为93%~123%。     

转盘式光催化燃料电池处理染料废水

采用阳极氧化法制备转盘式TiO_2阳极,设计并开发了转盘式光催化燃料电池(PFC),探讨了圆盘转速对PFC中染料降解效果的影响。实验结果表明:随着圆盘转速的提高,污染物和光电界面反应产物的传质作用得以强化,罗丹明B降解率提高;在圆盘转速为1 600 r/min、反应时间为60 min的条件下,罗丹明B降解率达90.8%,是圆盘转速为0 r/min时的8.5倍;光电流也随着圆盘转速的提高而提高,但提高幅度远小于罗丹明B降解率的提高幅度;同时,加强传质作用后再外加电压对PFC催化降解性能的提高作用有限。     

考虑岩体损伤的爆破振动速度衰减多元非线性模型

为准确预测爆破振动的衰减规律,控制爆破振动的影响,分析了现有的几种具有代表性的爆破振动预测经验公式的不足;在此基础上,引入岩体累计损伤对爆破振动效应的影响,经过无量纲分析,建立了岩体累计损伤下爆破振动衰减规律的多元非线性数学模型;根据实际工程的监测数据,用1stOpt 软件进行了多元非线性回归分析。结果表明:所提出的多元非线性回归公式预测精度高于传统的预测公式,能为同类露天爆破工程提供科学的指导。     

人工煤气管道萘颗粒沉积规律研究

针对萘在人工煤气管道中沉积会造成管道堵塞,影响管道的安全运行的这一问题,以昆明人工煤气管道为例,运用计算流体动力学软件Fluent,选用离散相模型和雷诺应力模型,对水平直管、水平弯管和三通管进行萘颗粒沉积的数值模拟,对于不同的管径、弯曲比、管径比,分别分析萘颗粒直径、入口速度、温度及压力对萘颗粒沉积的影响。研究结果表明:水平直管、水平弯管、三通管中的萘颗粒沉积率与颗粒粒径成正相关关系,而与气流入口速度、压力成负相关关系;萘颗粒在人工煤气管道中的沉积率主要受颗粒直径、气流入口速度的影响;萘颗粒的沉积率随着水平直管的管径增大而增大,随着水平弯管的弯曲比增大而增大,随着三通管的管径比增大而先增大后减小;可通过适当增大管内煤气输送速度、压力,降低温度来降低萘颗粒在人工煤气管道中的沉积速度,进而减少萘颗粒沉积的发生。     

松散煤岩体钻封注耦合注浆锚固机理与试验研究

针对松散煤岩体巷道钻孔成孔困难、锚固力低的问题,提出了钻封注分次注浆时空耦合加固方法,实现了钻孔内“全长封孔+带压注浆”,分析了钻封注分次注浆加固技术原理,研发了自钻锚杆、封孔及加固注浆材料,其封孔材料具有膨胀性大、强度大和凝固时间快等特点,注浆加固材料具有速凝早强、流动性好、固结效果好及强度较高等优点。研究结果表明:全长封孔后带压注浆,浆液扩散半径大,钻封注锚杆锚固力相对于数脂锚固提高1倍以上,表明钻封注分次注浆加固技术具有较高的应用价值。     

4种喹诺酮类抗生素对发光菌毒性作用研究

分析了4种常见的喹诺酮类抗生素(QNs)对发光菌(Photobacterium phosphoreum)的单一毒性和等毒性比例下的联合毒性作用,基于毒性单位法(TU)、相加指数法(AI)和混合毒性指数法(MTI)评价混合体系联合毒性的作用类型。加替沙星、洛美沙星、左氧氟沙星和诺氟沙星4种喹诺酮类医药品对发光菌的半数效应浓度(EC50)分别为:0.084×10~(-3)、0.137×10~(-3)、0.129×10~(-3)和0.151×10~(-3)mol·L-1。不同的评价方法对4种QNs的联合效应评价结果具有较好的一致性,多元混合体系呈现为不同程度的拮抗作用。结合分子结构特征和不同取代基相互作用,初步分析了联合毒性机理,进一步的毒性作用机制还需通过对生物生理生化反应等进行深入研究。本研究多种QNs混合体系呈现拮抗作用为主,揭示了此类医药品在环境中的联合使用可能导致药效降低以及微生物耐药性的产生和传播。     

Simultaneous determination of eight metabolites of organophosphate and pyrethroid pesticides in urine

A simultaneous method for quantifying eight metabolites of organophosphate pesticides and pyrethroid pesticides in urine samples has been established. The analytes were extracted using liquid–liquid extraction coupled with WCX solid phase extraction (SPE) cartridges. Eight metabolites were chemically derivatized before analysis using gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS–MS). The separation was performed on a HP-5MS capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm × 0.25 µm) with temperature programming. The detection was performed under electro-spray ionization (ESI) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. An internal standard method was used. The extraction solvent, types of SPE cartridges and eluents were optimized by comparing the sample recoveries under different conditions. The results showed that the calibration curves of the five organophosphorus pesticides metabolites were linear in the range of 0.2–200 μg/L (r² ≥ 0.992) and that of the three pyrethroid pesticides metabolites were linear in the range of 0.025–250 μg/L (r² ≥ 0.991). The limits of detection (LODs, S/N ≥ 3) and the limits of quantification (LOQs, S/N ≥ 10) of the eight metabolites were 0.008–0.833 μg/L and 0.25–2.5 μg/L, respectively. The recoveries of the eight metabolites ranged from 54.08% to 82.49%. This efficient, stable, and cost-effective method is adequate to handle the large number of samples required for surveying the exposure level of organophosphorus and pyrethroid pesticides in the general population.     

Moisture transfer modeling during solar drying of potato cylinders considering shrinkage

In the present work, the thin layer drying kinetics of potato during natural convection solar drying was investigated experimentally. Cylindrical potato samples with length 50 mm and varying diameter of 8, 10 and 13 mm were dried in an in-house designed and fabricated laboratory scale mixed-mode solar dryer. Thirteen different thin-layer mathematical models were fitted to the experimental moisture ratio (MR) data. The obtained results indicated that the Modified Page model could satisfactorily describe the drying curve of potato cylinders with higher value of R² and lower values of RMSE and χ². The shrinkage parameter is incorporated in the analytical diffusion model to study the moisture transfer mechanism of potato cylinders. It was observed that the values of effective diffusion coefficient (D_eff) and convective mass transfer coefficient (h_m) are overestimated in the range of 85.02–90.27% and 39.11–45.11% for the range of sample diameter examined, without considering the shrinkage effect in the mass transfer analysis. A Multiphysics approach was adopted in this study to get insight into the drying behavior of potato cylinders in terms of food-moisture interactions during the solar drying process. The predicted results of MR are in close agreement with the experimental data. Moreover, the anisotropic behavior of shrinkage as well as the moisture distribution inside the potato cylinder was very well described by Multiphysics model.     

大气混浊度系数和气溶胶粒子数的关系

本文根据气溶胶消光特性——气溶胶粒子光学厚度是消光波长的函数,采用随机的最小二乘技术;数值反演了垂直气柱中气溶胶粘子大小分布,并且对反演的气溶胶粒子谱分布,采用数值积分算出半径大于0.3μm气溶胶粒子总数,求得了大气混浊度系数和半径大于0.3μm气溶胶粒子总数之间关系,用太原市实测气溶胶粒子数资料验证,效果较好.