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261.
262.
食品企业污水中含有各种无机污物和有机污物.其中夹带的致病菌将导致多种疾病的爆发和流行.严重威胁着人类的健康。传统的细菌分离、培养和鉴定技术操作繁琐且耗时长(一般需4~7d)。为了快速.准确地检测食品企业污水中存在的细菌,建立了一种采用基因芯片技术对食品企业污水中常见细菌检测和鉴定的实验方法(需时4h)。实验中设计了8对特异引物并成功分成2组混合引物进行多重PCR反应:BI物Ⅰ为Kp+HlyA+InvA+ipaH,引物Ⅱ为Cadc+Oprl+Ent+23SrRNA。效果良好。实验确定了适宜的PCR反应循环数为35个循环,适宜的杂交温度为48℃。用实验制备的基因芯片对模拟水样检测结果的准确率达100%,说明该基因芯片对目的细菌特征基因的检测结果是可靠的。用该方法对食品企业污水水样进行检测具有高准确率,为今后更大规模的检测研究奠定了基础。 相似文献
263.
Lisa Strain Mary E. M. Porteous Christine M. Gosden Patricia M. Ellis James P. Neilson David T. Bonthron 《黑龙江环境通报》1994,14(6):469-474
Direct detection of the fragile X mutation by DNA analysis has greatly simplified prenatal diagnosis of this disease. However, women carrying a fragile X premutation may pass their expanded trinucleotide repeat to sons without expansion to a full mutation. Such sons are predicted to be intellectually normal. In this situation, the accuracy with which the fetal status can be inferred from analysis of chorionic villus sample (CVS) DNA is unclear. We describe such a case, in which it was felt necessary to proceed to fetal blood sampling despite technically unambiguous DNA results from the CVS. The lack of prospective data means that this dilemma may be expected to recur over the next few years when performing prenatal diagnosis on fragile X premutation carriers. 相似文献
264.
Dr G. Colucci E. Pesenti E. Molteni A. Lobbiani C. De Andreis S. Pariani F. Rossella A. E. Semprini G. Simoni 《黑龙江环境通报》1993,13(5):335-340
Maternal contamination of fetal DNA represents a major problem when highly sensitive molecular techniques are used in the prenatal diagnosis of genetic diseases. For this reason, we have studied the possibility of using DNA isolated from syncytiotrophoblast vesicles as a target of gene amplification (PCR). Three PCR systems were selected which included a repetitive 149 bp fragment of the Y chromosome, the VNTR locus D1S80, and a portion of the β-globin gene. The results of these experiments indicate that DNA isolated from syncytiotrophoblast vesicles is free of maternal contamination and is suitable for gene amplification and DNA analysis. 相似文献
265.
Alberto Turco MD Bernard Peissel Piero Quaia Raffaella Morandi Luciano Bovicelli Pier Franco Pignatti 《黑龙江环境通报》1992,12(6):513-524
A prenatal diagnosis was carried out on a 9-week-old fetus at risk for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Ten members of the family were previously typed using five DNA markers linked to the PKD1 locus on chromosome 16, and one marker linked to the putative PKD2 locus on chromosome 2. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify the D16S125 locus. Pairwise and multipoint lod scores indicated that the family was most likely segregating a PKD1 mutation. The fetus inherited the disease haplotype from the affected parent. Diagnostic accuracy was greater than 99 per cent, taking into account the possibility of genetic heterogeneity. 相似文献
266.
Lihua Fan Xiaofeng Zhang Ruoxue Zeng Suhua Wang Chenchen Jin Yongqiang He Jiangbing Shuai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(4):59-66
To correctly assess and properly manage the public health risks associated with exposure to contaminated water, it is necessary to identify the source of fecal pollution in a watershed. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of our two previously developed real time-quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays for the detection of swine-associated Bacteroidales genetic markers (gene 1–38, gene 3–53) in the Yangtze Delta watershed of southeastern China. The results indicated that the gene 1–38 and 3-53 markers exhibited high accuracy (92.5%, 91.7% conditional probability, respectively) in detecting Bacteroidales spp. in water samples. According to binary logistic regression (BLR), these two swine-associated markers were well correlated (P < 0.05) with fecal indicators (Escherichia coli and Enterococci spp.) and zoonotic pathogens (E. coli O157: H7, Salmonella spp. and Campylobacter spp.) in water samples. In contrast, concentrations of conventional fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) were not correlated with zoonotic pathogens, suggesting that they are noneffective at detecting fecal pollution events. Collectively, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that a swine-targeted qPCR assay based on two Bacteroidales genes markers (gene 1–38, gene 3–53) could be a useful tool in determining the swine-associated impacts of fecal contamination in a watershed. 相似文献
267.
升级A/O工艺污水处理系统中抗生素抗性基因的分布与去除研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对北方某采用升级A/O工艺的生活污水处理厂,使用实时荧光定量PCR技术,探究污水厂中ARGs的分布及各处理工艺段对ARGs的去除效果.结果表明:四环素抗性基因(tetA、tetC和tetM)、磺胺抗性基因(sul1和sul2)、大环内酯抗性基因(ermA和ermF)和喹诺酮抗性基因(parC和gyrA)在污水和污泥中均被检出.污水厂进水中ARGs的绝对丰度为2.65×103~1.01×106 copies·mL-1,升级A/O工艺未能有效削减ARGs,出水中ARGs的绝对丰度为9.22×103~1.15×106 copies·mL-1,污泥中ARGs的绝对丰度为8.07×107~2.65×1011 copies·g-1.深度处理工艺对ARGs的去除效率对比结果显示,生物活性炭工艺对ARGs的削减效果优于紫外消毒. 相似文献
268.
为了研究抗生素菌渣堆肥过程中抗生素抗性基因(ARGs)的变化情况,以林可霉素菌渣-糠醛渣堆肥为研究对象,以污泥-糠醛渣堆肥为对照.运用荧光定量PCR技术检测到了堆肥过程中lnuA-01、sul1、ermA、ermB、ermC等5种林可霉素抗性基因和整合子基因intI1的变化情况.结果表明,堆肥化处理可以降解99%的林可霉素残留,两者堆肥ARGs总量绝对丰度均有较大增加,而相对丰度降低5%~22%.同时发现林可霉素菌渣堆肥有助于intI1的富集,表明林可霉素菌渣堆肥存在生态风险.冗余分析显示,ARGs变化受环境因子影响严重,影响顺序为pH值 > 林可霉素残留 > 温度 > C/N. 相似文献
269.
270.
基于PMA-定量PCR选择性检测技术的病原菌消毒特性研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
建立了一种核酸染料propidium monoazide(PMA)与定量PCR技术联合选择性检测活性病原菌的技术(PMA-qPCR),以大肠杆菌作为模式菌,研究了氯和一氯胺消毒对病原菌的灭活特性.结果表明,PMA染料能够分别去除99.94%和99.99%的来自非活性大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的DNA,PMA-qPCR技术能够有效区分活性菌与非活性菌;PMA-qPCR技术得到的氯和一氯胺消毒对大肠杆菌的灭活曲线符合一级动力学方程,灭活速率常数分别为 2.24 L·(mg·min)-1和0.0175 L·(mg·min)-1,低于平板培养法得到的灭活速率常数;当大肠杆菌的去除率达到99%时,采用PMA-qPCR技术检测需要的ct值相比于平板培养法从0.6 mg·L-1·min上升到0.9 mg·L-1·min(氯消毒)和从20 mg·L-1·min上升到超过100 mg·L-1·min(一氯胺消毒);随着ct值的升高,常规qPCR的检测结果基本不变,因此常规qPCR不能够反映氯和一氯胺消毒对病原菌的灭活效果.作为一种新的表征消毒特性的检测技术,PMA-qPCR技术有助于更为准确地评价氯和一氯胺消毒对病原菌的灭活效果. 相似文献