表达Xa21基因匠转基因水稻研究

对Xa21在转基因水稻新汕B后代R1、R2群体的的遗传方式及稳定性进行初步分析,特异PCR分析从分子水平表明Xa21基因已稳定遗传至R1代,自交R1代的抗感带型分离比为3：1,揭示出Xa21基因在转基因水稻中按孟德尔方式遗传,Hyg培养基发芽和田间接菌鉴定显示,Xa21转基因水稻对Hyg和白叶枯病的抗性多数在后代中出现3：1的分离,对白叶枯病的的抗病性呈连续分布,能传递到较高世代,并且能在R2代获得纯合株系。图3表3参12     

PLS and PCR Methods in the Assessment of Coastal Water Quality

Partial least squares regression analysis (PLS) and principal component regression analysis (PCR) were examined asmethodological procedures for assessing the quality of coastalwaters in a tourist area. Four variables related to the trophicstate of waters, namely nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and phosphate were analyzed. The models resulting from PLS and PCR were verysimilar. Both defined three groups of water masses characterizedby different nutrient loadings. These groups were in accordancewith those obtained by numerical classification. The PLS methodwas selected as the optimal model, on the basis of its lowerprediction errors (lower Press and Rmsd values). For managementpurposes, this statistical model allows mesotrophic conditions,reflecting some nutrient enrichment over background conditions,to be characterized and the successful diagnosis of additionalsamples within this context.     

The Seasonal Variation of the Concentrations of Ozone, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Oxides in Two Nigerian Cities

A combination of multivariate statistical methods including factor analysis, principal component analysis, principal component regression, and multiple linear regression (MLR) were employed to evaluate the influence of seasons on the concentrations of ozone, sulfur (IV) oxide, and oxides of nitrogen in ambient air of Nigerian cities of Lagos and Ilorin. The former city is located in the coastal area, and it is highly congested with a high intensity of marine, vehicular, and industrial activities, and the latter city is a medium size town, located in the central guinea savannah zone of Nigeria. Samples were collected using a high-volume sampler from near the ground at various sites of diverse human and industrial activities, during wet and dry seasons from 2003 to 2006. The PCA reveals three distinct groupings during the day for all data, which is a reflection of different factors contributing to the atmospheric chemistry of these cities. The predicted ozone concentration values by MLR agree fairly well with the measured data. The dependence of ozone on meteorological parameters including relative humidity, air temperature, and sun exposure and the precursor pollutants depends on weather and the anthropogenic activities. The results for the two cities indicate that reduction in the level of NO₂ is accompanied by an increase in the level of ozone, suggesting the interconversion between the two via photochemical activity.     

生物强化系统微生物分子诊断技术的应用及新发展

现代分子生物技术的飞速发展及其在环境研究领域的应用,为生物强化技术的研究和发展提供了新方法和新思路.本文从生物强化系统特异微生物检测及定量化技术、生物强化系统微生物群落结构组成及动态演替规律研究、生物强化作用机制的分子生物学解析、生物强化菌的基因工程构建、生物强化系统微生物的安全释放及控制技术几方面,对生物强化系统微生物分子诊断技术的应用和发展作了较为全面的综述.     

甲醛降解细菌的分离鉴定和降解效果测定

从某化工厂污水处理系统的活性污泥中分离纯化得到一株能降解甲醛的革兰氏阳性菌,对其进行形态及生理生化特性测定,提取并纯化其基因组DNA,通过PCR扩增菌株的16S rDNA,测序结果表明,该菌株和苏云金芽孢杆菌的同源性为100%。在含1.2 μL/mL的甲醛的培养基上培养该菌36 h后,甲醛降解去除率达到72％以上。     

不同冬夏寄主棉蚜种群重复序列引物DNA多态性分析

应用重复序列引物ＰＣＲ技术研究了中国不同冬夏寄主上棉蚜种群的ＤＮＡ多态性,通过筛选出的３种适用于棉蚜的重复序列引物,用它们的扩增结果进行相似性指数Ｉｓ和Ｎｅｉ’ｓ遗传距离Ｄ的计算,并根据遗传距离对所研究的棉蚜种群做聚类分析,结果表明,用遗传距离指标可以将冬夏寄主上的棉蚜分开,并且在不同的冬寄主之间,较适宜越冬的不同寄主上的棉蚜呈现出更大的相似性。在实验数据的分析过程中,还发现遗传距离指标比相似性指     

慢生型大豆根瘤菌的遗传多样性研究

采用选择性扩增片断长度多态性 (简称AFLP)DNA指纹技术对来自泰国北部的 2 45株慢生型大豆根瘤菌进行遗传多样性的研究 .通过AFLP图谱揭示出该地区的慢生型大豆根瘤菌有较显著的遗传多样性 .从 2 45株中选择出 92个代表株用计算机进行的树状图分析结果表明 ,所分析的菌株在 82 %的相似性水平上聚类成 8个群 .对这 92个代表株的部分菌株和慢生型大豆根瘤菌的参比菌株进行多聚酶链反应 (PCR)扩增的 16SrDNA的 4种限制性内切酶长度多态 (简称 16SrDNAPCR RFLP)分析 ,得出 2个不同的 16SrDNAPCR RFLP类型的菌株 ,分别与慢生型大豆根瘤菌的参比菌株Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum和Bradyrhizobiumelkanii相同 .图 1表 2参 14     

腺病毒气溶胶的实时荧光定量PCR检测和绿色荧光蛋白活细胞检测

将带有绿色荧光蛋白的复制缺陷型重组腺病毒,作为模拟病毒建立一种检测病毒侵袭力的方法.在钢化玻璃箱中通过TK-3型微生物气溶胶发生器将腺病毒形成气溶胶,用FA-1型多级撞击式空气微生物采样器进行气溶胶采样,对采样样品分别进行实时荧光定量PCR检测和表达了绿色荧光蛋白的PK15活细胞定时检测.实时荧光定量PCR检测可测定病毒在大气中存在的相对基因拷贝数,通过在荧光显微镜下计数带绿色荧光的PK15细胞数可直观检测病毒的感染力及活力.结果表明,重组腺病毒气溶胶主要分布在采样器第五级,腺病毒气溶胶与病毒粒子相比较大.     

城市污水强化生物除磷工艺中除磷菌种群结构分析

采用PCR-DGGE等分子生物学技术。从平行AN／AO工艺六个反应池的活性污泥样品中提取总DNA,采用套式PCR（nested PCR）进行两轮PCR扩增。对α-Proteobaeteria、β-Proteobacteria的16S rDNA片段进行DGGE（变性梯度凝胶电泳）分离,从而分析活性污泥样品中该类除磷菌的种群结构。结合测序技术并通过NCBI（美国国立生物技术信息中心）基因库比对,证实生物除磷过程中存在着丰富的α-Proteobacteria、β-Proteobacteria,同时可以得到其中优势类群的初步认识。结果表明,PCR-DGGE结舍测序技术可以用于污水处理过程中样品的除磷菌群落结构分析。     

脱氮活性污泥总DNA提取研究

文章就提取SBR脱氮反应器中活性污泥总DNA的预处理、细胞破壁、去除蛋白质等方法进行了比较研究。将不同方法提取得到的DNA样品进行琼脂糖凝胶电泳、紫外吸光度和ERIC-PCR检测。结果表明,采取TENP、PBS溶液和玻璃珠震荡对活性污泥进行预处理,SDS和物理冻融结合破碎细胞,一次酚/氯仿和饱和NaCl溶液离心去除蛋白质的DNA提取操作,可以得到腐殖酸、蛋白质含量较少的活性污泥DNA样品。研究发现:从活性污泥提取的DNA样品中含有对PCR反应体系有明显抑制作用的杂质。通过稀释,控制DNA浓度40～13ng/μL,可以减小杂质的影响,实现将活性污泥DNA样品直接用于PCR扩增。ERIC-PCR得到的DNA产物凝胶电泳结果:条带清晰稳定有特异性,为进一步应用分子生态学方法研究活性污泥的性质奠定了基础。