省级环境监测站在建设项目竣工验收监测中的地位和作用

建设项目竣工验收监测是环境监测工作的一项重要工作,也是"一控双达标"工作的重要一环.从锻炼队伍、保护队伍、巩固队伍、稳定队伍和纯洁队伍等方面综合分析,省级监测站在此项工作中应承担相应的责任,才能更好地发挥技术中心、信息中心、网络中心和培训中心的作用.     

关于对"碱性高锰酸钾指数标准分析方法的错误"的讨论

《中国环境监测》于2006年8月第22卷第4期发表了一篇名为“碱性高锰酸钾指数标准分析方法的错误”的文章,该文作者通过配制不同浓度的葡萄糖标准溶液,分别用酸性法与碱性法来测定其高锰酸盐指数值,对相应的结果与计算公式进行讨论,指出碱性高锰酸钾操作方法与计算公式均存在错误,并提出了碱性高锰酸钾测定的修正方法与公式。文章对上述观点和结论有不同的看法,从碱性高锰酸钾指数标准分析方法的试验操作步骤及方法原理的理解入手,进行相关的阐述和讨论。     

C OD在线分析仪比对中应注意的问题

分析了COD在线分析仪和实验室比对结果人为差异的原因是样品不均匀,在线分析仪取样装置滤过,取样层面和采样方式以及沉淀消除的方法不同造成的.提出应在相同的地点、层面和同一容器取样,用相同沉淀消除方法去除样品中氯离子干扰,保证两方法比对中使用水样的一致均匀,使测试结果正确可信.     

Prediction of Leachate Level in Kimpo Metropolitan Landfill Site by Total Water Balance

Kimpo metropolitan landfill has received various kinds of wastessince January 1992. The leachate level was measured to be 10.3 m in May 1995 and the level increased to 12.2 m in August 1996. Therefore, to prove the reason for the increasing leachate level, we calibrated hydraulic conductivity of each waste andintermediate layer using the HELP (Hydrologic Evaluation ofLandfill Performance) model. The leachate generation data measured from February 1993 to October 1995 was used in the model calibration. As a result of a model calibration, we obtained anaverage infiltration ratio and used this in analysis of the total water balance to predict elevation of leachate level. Main causes of the elevation of the leachate level were the high water content of the waste and the degradation of the leachate-drainage system caused by the subsidence of a naturalbarrier layer.     

Environmental Impact Assessment of the Mining and Concentration Activities in the Kola Peninsula, Russia by Multidate Remote Sensing

On the Kola Peninsula, the mining and concentration industry exerts anthropogenic impact on the environment. Tailing dumps cause airborne pollution through dusting, and waterborne pollution due to direct dumping and accidental releases. The objectives were: (1) to analyse multidate satellite imagesfor 1964–1996 to assess the environmental pollution from themining and concentration activity in the Kola in temporal perspective; (2) to evaluate remote sensing methods for integrated environmental impact assessment. The area of mining and industrial sites steadily expands and amounted to 94 km² in 1996. The polluted water surface amounted to at least 150 km² through dumping in 1978 and to 106 km² in1986 due to dusting. Thus, the impact from the mining and concentration activity should be reconsidered as more significant than it was officially anticipated. In the past the main mechanism of pollution wasdirect dumping into the lakes. Currently and in future, airborne pollution after dusting storms will dominate. The effective recultivation of the tailing dumps will be a long-term process. For effective assessment of impacts from the mining and concentration industry, remote sensing methods should be complemented by in-situ measurements, fieldwork, and mathematical modelling.     

Multi-level screening of a proposed hazardous waste treatment and disposal facility site--a case study

A comprehensive environmental assessment (EA) is a pre-requisite before the site for developing a hazardous waste treatment and disposal facility (HWTDF) is selected. However, the resource limitations, especially for developing countries, often dictatethat the detailed EA be restricted to those sites, which are constraint free and have low hazard potentials. Thus, a preliminary screening exercise for assessing the suitability ofsite for developing the HWTDF needs to be carried out to avoid huge costs involved in detailed EA. While screening a HWTDF site,various factors such as present land use, ecologically sensitiveareas, geology and hydrogeology of the area, the quality and quantity of wastes, engineered safeguards, and the operationalprocedures that need to be adopted, are required to be addressed. In this paper, a multi-level screening criteria employing RemoteSensing, Constraint Mapping, Groundwater Pollution Potential Index (DRASTIC Index), and the Site Ranking was used to assess the suitability of a proposed site for the development of HWTDF.The study helped to identify various constraints at the proposedsite and their significance on the development of the HWTDF.     

evaluation of a measurement method for forest vegetation in a large-scale ecological survey

We evaluate a field method for determining species richness andcanopy cover of vascular plants for the Forest Health MonitoringProgram (FHM), an ecological survey of U.S. forests. Measurementsare taken within 12 1-m² quadrats on 1/15 ha plots in FHM.Species richness and cover are determined for four height classes(strata) within each quadrat and aggregated by stratum over the entireplot. We estimated (1) the agreement between experienced trainers andinexperienced technicians who collected the data on this survey(accuracy) and (2) the agreement among the technicians (precision) forresults on species richness and cover from 3 test plots at 3 timeintervals. The methods appear to be highly precise, although somediscrepancies with the values obtained by the trainers were found.Trainers found significantly more species in the ground stratum (0–0.6 m) and measured significantly more cover in the uppermost stratum(>4.9 m). The proportion of variation due to measurement error andtemporal variability was less than 13% for species richness (all strata)and cover (all but one stratum). This indicates that the method issuitable for monitoring changes in species richness and canopy coverfor a large-scale synoptic monitoring project such as FHM.     

亚甲蓝分光光度法测定饮用水中阴离子表面活性剂的方法讨论

用10ml氯仿萃取离子缔合物一次,洗涤一次,不稀释。它与国标方法的线性回归无显著性差异,此方案测定样品的准确度En为0·34,小于1,结果令人满意,测量不确定度是除国标方法外最低的方案。因此它具有低污染、操作简单的特点,并可用于常规检测饮用水中的LAS。     

粗苯污染事故应急处理

针对一次苯泄漏事故的应急处理过程、方法进行论述与总结，并分析了事故现场周围地表、地下水中苯污染浓度的变化情况，提出了该类事故的应急措施，以此作为处理同类事故的参考和依据。     

博斯腾湖水质矿化度模型及预测研究

根据博斯腾湖１９８５～１９９５年水质监测数据和出入湖水量等水文数据观测值，采用水质扩散模型和盐量平衡关系推导出博斯腾湖大湖区（简称博湖）水质矿化度模型，并预测了几种情况下博湖水质矿化度及近几年变化趋势，分析了影响博湖水质矿化度的主要因素，为博湖的近期和远期环境保护规划、环境管理等提供科学依据．