THE INFLUENCE OF DRAW-DOWN ON RECREATION ON THE TRENT CANAL RESERVOIR-LAKES1

ABSTRACT: Water-based outdoor recreation constitutes an important benefit in many multiple-use projects. One problem frequently encountered, however, is the fluctuation of the water-level in a reservoir, especially if draw-downs occur during the summer recreation season. The Trent Canal in Ontario, Canada, forms a unique recreation waterway of some 240 miles of canal and navigable lakes and rivers. For the control of the water in the canal, the Canadian Federal government manages 44 reservoir-lakes as water-storage sites to augment the flows in the canal. While most disputes in water allocation for recreation generally involve recreation uses versus other, non-recreation uses, in the case of the Trent Canal and its reservoir-lakes the dispute in water allocation exists between two competing recreation-uses: for recreation boating on the Canal and its waterway, and for recreation use of the reservoir-lakes. Each use has its own duty-of-water in terms of requirements, or water conditions, for its optimum use. On the reservoir-lakes, by far the largest recreation user-group, is made up of the owners of private shoreline summer cottages (cabins). Draw-downs on the reservoir-lakes, in some cases as much as 13 feet, hence constitute a negative externality imposed by the canal, especially since water-level lowering takes place continuously throughout the summer. In-depth interviews conducted with over 100 cottage-owners indicate four main conclusions. First, the previous user assumptions of the extent of the negative effect of water-level fluctuation on recreation had been exaggerated. Only in extreme draw-downs during infrequent dry years would draw-down constitute a serious imposition. Second, water-level fluctuation does constitute a form of inconvenience to the private riparian recreation property owners, but it does not generally reduce the quantity of recreation use of the reservoir-lakes. Third, there is evidence that reservoir-lake users have learned to adapt successfully to water-level draw-downs. Fourth, the shoreline physiography of the location of a riparian owner strongly influences the way in which draw-down affects attitudes and opinions. The complex jurisdictional split of the land and water resources of the region points to the need to establish a Trent Canal Authority, to oversee the proper use and development of the canal, its waterway, and the reservoir-lakes.     

浙江安吉地区地质灾害及其防治对策

本文介绍了安吉地区地质灾害的调查概况，对其成因类型，时空分布，与地质环境的关系和防治对策作了探讨，这圣方政府编制地质灾害防治规划具参考意义。     

垃圾填埋场地下水污染修复技术优选研究

结合国内外地下水污染场地的修复经验,综合考虑当地社会经济条件、地下水脆弱性、污染物特征等因素,采用层次分析法建立了修复技术优化指标体系;在此基础上运用多准则决策分析模型(MCDA)进行地下水污染修复技术优选排序,构建垃圾填埋场地下水污染修复技术筛选模型;并以湖北省某简易垃圾填埋场为例进行应用研究。结果表明:在备选的5种场地地下水修复技术(监测自然衰减技术、渗透反应格栅、多相抽提技术、抽出-处理技术、原位微生物修复技术)中,抽出-处理技术、原位微生物修复技术较为理想。综合考虑该污染场地条件、地下水污染治理要求及附近受体分布情况,得到最佳修复方案为:高污染风险区域采用抽出-处理技术和原位微生物修复技术组合;低污染风险区域采用监测自然衰减技术。     

垃圾渗滤液的膜生物反应器与传统生物工艺述评

采用文献调研法比较评价了膜生物反应器与传统生物工艺对垃圾渗滤液的处理效果。结果表明,渗滤液的水质特征(主要指COD)主要由渗滤液年龄决定,B/C值和渗滤液年龄对COD去除有重要影响。传统生物处理常采用多级组合工艺,渗滤液特性、工艺单元数、水力停留时间和有机负荷率等是影响COD去除的重要参数。近年来,MBR工艺的应用日益广泛,对于B/C值较低的老龄渗滤液,MBR工艺可获得更好的COD去除效果,也有利于废水的膜深度处理。     

树脂固定床吸附含酚废水预测模型研究

针对应用于实际工业化的树脂固定床吸附研究较少,而与之相关的固定床吸附穿透曲线可以用来确定固定床吸附操作参数,为固定床的设计和实际操作提供指导。通过对恒定波振荡理论和吸附等温方程的联合,来预测固定床吸附穿透曲线;并研究了不同操作条件对大孔弱碱树脂吸附对硝基酚穿透曲线预测模型的影响。以期望为树脂固定床的设计和实际工业应用产生指导意义。     

塔河油田一号联合站污水处理试验研究

塔河油田一号联合站(塔一联)稠油污水具有粘度大、油水密度差小、乳化严重等特点,它的回用与外排具有一定的难度.通过实验室和现场试验研制开发的破乳剂和混凝剂,强化了除油效果,减轻了过滤系统的负荷,处理污水达到了注水水质指标.     

常熟-太仓M5.1地震精定位及震源机制解

通过定位模型、定位方法和地震震相的合理选择 ,采用更加合理的台网布局的地震资料 ,对1990年 2月 10日常熟M 5 1地震进行了精定位 ,得到更为精确、合理的该地震三要素。通过对原震源机制解的复核 ,原定结果可以不变     

聚能药包在岩石控制爆破技术中的应用研究

聚能爆破技术是岩石控制爆破技术中有待开发的领域。根据爆炸力学、岩石断裂力学理论,从当前控制爆破面临的问题入手,对线性聚能药包(Linear shaped charge)在岩石定向断裂爆破中裂纹的产生、扩展以及主要爆破参数进行了分析研究,并利用自制线性聚能药包在巷道掘进中进行了试验。试验结果是聚能药包形成的巷道轮廓外爆震裂隙不明显,巷道断面平整,凹凸量不超过50mm,眼痕率高达96%以上,经济和社会效益明显。这些均表明聚能爆破是一种理想的定向断裂控制爆破技术。     

“Science is Everywhere,but No One Knows It”: Assessing the Cultural Distance to Science of Rural South African Publics

ABSTRACT

In science communication, a prerequisite for reaching different parts of a society is to find out how these publics experience and interpret science. Since rural South African publics are perceived to exhibit a large cultural distance to science, the present exploratory study aimed to know in more detail how rural South Africans perceive and understand science in their local and social contexts. Theoretical notions on cultural distance and the methodological approach of segmentation studies were considered. Semi-structured interviews with rural South Africans were carried out in four towns (n?=?52) that differ with respect to having a large scientific installation in their vicinity, or not. Sensitively comparing local and social contexts helped identifying three different publics who differed regarding their perceptions of science; however, the large scientific installations only made a difference in perceptions for those publics who were generally less exposed to and less knowledgeable about science.     

Exoautometabolic regulation of transgenes in microorganisms

Data on the existence of a specific system regulating the growth, size, and structure of enterobacterial populations are first summarized in terms of the chemical ecology concept formulated by S.S. Shvarts. The role of this system in transgene functioning is described using the example of the lux operon integrated into Escherichia coli. A relatively simple test for estimating such interactions is proposed.Translated from Ekologiya, No. 2, 2005, pp. 91–96.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Pshenichnov, Maslennikova, Nikitina.