基于地统计学的北京市可吸入颗粒物时空变异性及气象因素分析

大气颗粒物是造成城市空气污染的重要原因之一,并已经成为我国北京等大中城市空气污染中的首要污染物.为分析北京市采暖期大气中可吸入颗粒物的污染水平及其气象因素的影响作用,以大气可吸入颗粒物PM0.3,PM3.0,PM5.0为研究对象,于2007～2009年采暖期间在北京市城区设立了93个采样点进行定点采样监测,利用地统计分析工具和指示克里格方法,模拟分析了北京市城区2007～2009年采暖期PM0.3、PM3.0、PM5.0的时空变异性,并建立起可吸入颗粒物浓度与气象条件(风力、温度、湿度)的对应关系,由此分析气象因素对大气颗粒物污染水平的影响程度.结果表明:实验半变异函数符合具有块金值的球状模型;北京城区空气可吸入颗粒物的污染水平自2007年以来污染程度与污染面积均呈减小趋势,影响范围主要集中在西南部,西北次之,近郊区污染重于城区;气象条件是影响可吸入颗粒物污染程度的重要因素,在不同年份不同气象因子对颗粒物的影响是不同的.但另一方面,由于污染原因季节冷暖程度的不同,气象条件对颗粒物浓度的影响有不确定的一面,但仍可找到一些规律.     

电催化氧化法处理苯胺废水试验研究

根据正交实验结果分析电压、pH、电解质和电解时间对苯胺降解率的影响,得出电压的影响最大,pH的影响次之,再次是电解时间,而电解质的投加量对苯胺降解率的影响比较微弱。并为工业应用确定了反应条件：电解电压为6V,pH=8,电解时间为60min,Na2SO4浓度为9g/L。     

规划环境影响评价有效性探讨

以规划环境影响评价有效性为研究对象,从规划体系复杂性、评价重点识别、理论与技术支持不够等方面分析了影响规划环境影响评价的内在制约因素;从经济、法律、行政管理、文化等方面分析了影响规划环境影响评价的外在制约因素;并从对象、过程、内容、监督和资源支持5个方面探讨了在规划环境影响评价实施全过程中提高有效性的方式和方法。     

长江口邻近海域夏季沉积物硝化细菌与硝化作用

2006年6月在长江口邻近海域选择了8个站位,分别采用荧光原位杂交(FISH)法和乙炔抑制法进行现场模拟培养,研究了硝化细菌数量与硝化反应速率分布规律及其环境效应.结果表明,该海域表层沉积物中的硝化细菌数量(以湿重计)在1.87×105~3.53×105个/g之间,并表现出一定的耐盐性.硝化速率范围为101.3~514.3μmol/(m2.h),其分布有明显的自近岸向外海逐渐降低的趋势,在长江冲淡水和杭州湾口附近海域形成2个高值域.在高盐度海区硝化细菌数量对硝化速率的影响率高达87.7%,是影响硝化反应速率的主要因素.硝化作用每天在该海域转化的无机氮通量为4.68×105kg,消耗的DO通量为6.07×104mol,表明硝化作用是影响长江口邻近海域夏初DIN形态分布和底层DO分布的主要因素之一.     

典型喀斯特坡地137Cs的分布与相关影响因子研究

通过野外考察和大量的137Cs取样分析,对喀斯特坡地土壤137Cs分布及相关影响因子进行了初步研究.结果表明,喀斯特区域137Cs剖面分布特征与非喀斯特区域相似,林地土壤剖面137Cs呈现指数分布模式,耕地剖面的137Cs呈均匀分布模式;喀斯特区域落水洞洞口45 cm以上土层中的137Cs比活度变幅为1.7~3.3 Bq/kg,137Cs分布较深,表明洞口现存土壤多由侵蚀物质堆积形成;2个石缝中的土壤样品137Cs比活度分别为16.8 Bq/kg和37.6 Bq/kg,远远高于临近土体,表明裸岩是影响喀斯特区域137Cs地表空间运移的一个重要因素;随坡面海拔升高,137Cs的面积活度表现出波动振荡趋势,空间异质性明显,林地和农耕地坡面137Cs面积活度变幅分别为299.4~1 592.6 Bq/m2和115.8~1 478.6 Bq/m2;林地坡面137Cs面积活度与坡度和海拔高度呈极显著正相关,农耕地坡面137Cs面积活度和坡度呈不明显的负相关,与海拔高度呈显著负相关.地形地貌和人为干扰强度是影响坡面137Cs空间分布规律的主要因素.     

大气污染控制有效性的评估模型及应用

基于小波分析理论及BP神经网络,建立了大气污染控制有效性的评估模型.利用该模型解析天津市污染源排放及气象因素对大气污染物环境浓度的影响.结果表明,SO2浓度波动主要由污染源的季节变化引起,与天气过程有关的短期波动也不容忽视;而PM10浓度波动主要由污染源排放及气象条件的短期变化引起.2002~2003年的气象条件总体上不利于大气扩散,使SO2日均浓度长期分量增加约为3μg/m3;而2004年的气象条件有利于大气扩散,使SO2日均浓度长期分量减小约为5μg/m3.PM10日均浓度长期分量也有类似的规律,2002~2003年的不利气象条件使PM10日均浓度长期分量增高更显著,约为10μg/m3.     

盐城湿地沉积物环境特征及其影响因素研究

盐城沿海湿地是国家级自然保护区,正面临环境的污染和生态破坏的威胁。为了有效地保护和恢复其受损的生态功能,文章通过实地采样分析的方法研究了盐城湿地底泥氮、磷及有机物含量与分布规律及其影响因素。研究表明盐城湿地受潮流与河流水动力条件的长期综合作用,该区从陆地向海洋方向,沉积物粒度呈现由细变粗的总体变化规律。潮间带沉积物中氮、磷及有机碳在空间上也呈现出从光滩向高潮位区逐渐增加的趋势。沉积物中营养物释放与微小颗粒物的再悬浮成为潮间带水体富营养化的一个重要因素。     

农业流域营养盐流失的关键因素及其防治途径

全面分析农业流域氮、磷等污染物质流失的关键过程,识别主要影响因素,研究探讨农业面源污染影响因素的作用方式和治理途径,对于农业面源污染控制具有重要意义。以国内外大量相关研究成果为基础,全面分析了农业面源污染的主要产生机理,以及影响农业面源污染时空分布的主要因素及相互作用关系,详细探讨了土壤性质、植被类型、土地利用格局、径流驱动因素、农业生产模式等关键因素对农业面源污染流失特征的影响作用,并从农田管理、景观结构调整、农业生产格局优化等方面有针对性的提出了适合中国农业流域特点的面源污染防控措施。     

Perceived stress,mental health,organizational factors,and self-reported risky driving behaviors among truck drivers circulating in France

Introduction: The growth of the European market for road-freight transport has recently led to important changes. The growing number of foreign pavilion drivers transiting in France, which plays a bridging role among European countries, has influenced the lives of truck drivers by increasing competition, pressure on day-to-day activities, and constraints related to delivery deadlines. Adding this new pressure to those inherent in the road-freight transport sector has raised concerns, especially ones linked to levels of perceived stress by truck drivers. Method: With safety concerns in mind, we devised a questionnaire aimed at understanding how French truck drivers and non-French truck drivers, passing through four highway rest areas in France perceive stress, organizational factors, mental health, and risky driving behaviors. A sample of 515 truck drivers took part in the survey (260 French nationals), 97.9% of whom were male. Results: The results of a structural equation model indicated that perceived stress can increase self-reported risky driving behaviors among truck drivers. Furthermore, organizational factors and mental health were closely linked to perceived stress. Finally, some differences were found between French and non-French truck drivers with respect to mind-wandering and mental health, and to perceive driving difficulties to overcome and driving skills. Practical Applications: Several recommendations based on the findings are provided to policymakers and organizations.     

Users’ acceptance of private automated vehicles: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: This research systematically reviewed relevant studies on users’ acceptance of conditional (Level 3) to full (Level 5) automated vehicles when such vehicles are to be used privately (herein referred to as ‘private automated vehicles or private AVs). Method: The search followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, and was undertaken in three databases: APA PsycINFO, Transport Research International Documentation, and Web of Science. Articles were required to focus on individuals’ acceptance of private SAE Level 3–5 AVs. Acceptance was defined as individuals’ attitudes towards or intentions and/or willingness to use AVs in the future. A total of 2,354 articles were identified in the database search. Thirty-five articles were included in the review, six of which included multiple studies and/or comparison groups. Results: Most studies (n = 31) applied self-reported measures to assess user acceptance together with a range of psychosocial factors predicting such acceptance. The meta-analytic correlations revealed that perceived behavioral control, perceived benefits/usefulness, perceived ease of use, and subjective/social norms had significant positive pooled relationships with attitudes and intentions. Trust and sensation seeking also had significant positive pooled correlations with intentions, while knowledge of AVs had a significant and negative pooled correlation with intentions. Age did not show any significant pooled relationship with attitudes, intentions, or willingness. Conclusions: The findings obtained from the systematic review and meta-analysis provide support for psychosocial models to aid understanding of users’ acceptance of private AVs. Practical applications: Examining acceptance of AVs after participants have experienced these vehicles on closed tracks or open roads would advance contemporary knowledge of users’ intentions to use these vehicles in the future. Further, experiencing these vehicles firsthand may also help with addressing any perceived barriers reducing acceptance of future use of private AVs.