我国三大地带经济发展不平衡性动态分析

本文采用人均GDP指标,对1978-2002年我国三大地带经济发展的不平衡性及驱动机制进行了动态时序分析,剖析了三大地带经济差距产生的原因.结果表明:近20多年来无论是绝对差距、相对差距还是综合差距，三大地带经济区域差异均呈现扩大趋势，尤其是以20世纪90年代初期最为显著。究其原因，除了自然环境和历史背景的影响外，产业结构、所有制结构，投资强度，对外开放程度和社会文化环境等因素均具有重要影响。为缩小三大地带的经济差距，除加强对中西部的投资建设外，应加快对中西部改革开放的步伐，增强了中西部的自我发展能力。     

浅论城市生态区划的原则、方法及应用

结合在秦皇岛市所作的生态区划研究工作，对城市生态区划的原则、方法及其应用进行论述，主要内容包括生态登记、土地开发度评价、生态适宜度分析和土地开发优先顺序评价。     

安阳及邻区中强地震前波速比时空演化特征分析与研究

本文运用安阳及邻区研究范围内,地震台网所能接收到的 S-P≤25.0 秒的所有台站记录到的ML≥2.0级地震的P波到时和 S 波到时进行了波速比计算,并对研究区域内 5 次中强地震前波速比变化作了空间演化图。从 2001年5月到现在波速比空间演化特征来看,明显出现了低值异常集中区和高低值异常交替区。从时间序列演化特征来看,波速比始终处于低于平均值1.70 以下。根据我们以往对研究区域内波速比的研究和对比分析,在未来24个月,研究区域存在发生 ML≥5.5 级±0.5 级地震的可能。     

深圳地区海岸复杂地形下大气输送与扩散模拟

利用边界层预报模式提供的非定常的风场和湍流场，采用实用的考虑风切变的烟团模式模拟了海岸复杂地形下高架点源排放ＳＯ２的地面浓度变化特征。联接模式细致地考虑了地面反射，混合层穿透和反射。结果反映了风场湍流场的非均匀非定常对浓度分布有较大影响。     

桂西北喀斯特地区6种退耕还林(草)模式的效应

针对桂西北喀斯特地区森林生态系统退化造成的水土流失加剧以及石漠化严重的现状,筛选适合该地区植被快速恢复的5种人工造林(草)方式和自然抛荒恢复模式,分析评价各种模式的生态效应。结果表明,随着经营年限的增加, 6种退耕还林(草)模式都使土壤肥力、生物生产力明显提高。对水土保持最好的是自然抛荒,其次是牧草、板栗 金银花、毛竹和木豆,最差的是任豆;经济效益最好的是牧草,其次是任豆、毛竹、板栗 金银花和木豆,最差是自然抛荒。     

云南脆弱生态区相对资源承载力研究

以云南省及部分脆弱生态区为例,用相对资源承载力的研究思路和计算方法,分析了1990年和2000年相对土地资源承载力、相对经济资源承载力和综合承载力。提出可持续发展中的一些问题。     

寒旱区湖泊冰封期有机碳氮同位素研究

为了探究寒旱区湖泊悬浮物和沉积物中颗粒有机碳氮稳定同位素来源与环境相关性,于2019年1月对南海湖冰封期悬浮物和表层沉积物有机δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N及C/N值进行了测定.结果表明：南海湖冰封期悬浮有机质δ¹³C的变化范围为-31.94‰~-27.87‰,δ¹⁵N变化范围为15.16‰~18.66‰,C/N变化范围为3.90~5.13.沉积物δ¹³C值变化范围为-25.39‰~-18.83‰,δ¹⁵N值变化范围为7.04‰~13.66‰,C/N值变化范围为7.66~12.23.悬浮有机质δ¹³C和δ¹⁵N最高值分别出现在进水口区和湖心岛区,沉积物则都为湖心岛区表层沉积物.端元混合模型分析表明,冰封期悬浮有机质主要由内源水生藻类主导,水质保护区藻类贡献率达到82.33%,与该区域浮游植物丰度最高相符.表层沉积物有机质的主要来源为内源水生植物,在水质保护区贡献率高达89.7%.相关性分析表明,在冰封期内悬浮有机质与表层沉积物δ¹³C、δ¹⁵N并没有明显的相关性,在低温情况下悬浮物δ¹⁵N与温度（P<0.025）、硝态氮（P<0.019）呈显著负相关,与亚硝态氮呈显著正相关（P<0.034）.原因主要与外源贡献率和生物作用的同位素效应有关.悬浮物δ¹³C和COD呈极显著正相关（P<0.008）,与盐度呈显著正相关（P<0.046）,COD和悬浮物δ¹³C很可能具有同源性,在湖泊冰封期具有一定的环境指示意义.     

基于结构方程模型的陕北退耕区农业产业-资源系统耦合机制分析——以吴起县为例

农业产业-资源耦合机制通过改变农业资源利用方向和强度调控农业产业-资源系统耦合路径,影响系统耦合效果。利用结构方程模型,通过对典型退耕区域——陕北吴起县2016年497户农户调研资料的分析,验证了政策、信息（技术、市场）、农业资源、农业产业是系统耦合机制的基本构成和重要驱动要素,该县域已形成了相对稳定的多维链型耦合机制。在这一机制作用下,农业产业有所发展,但仅停留在资源显性利用上,农业产业-资源系统局部相悖,系统对经济效益总的标准化路径系数为0.112,且产业对经济效益的路径系数仅为-0.047;从各驱动要素间相互作用来看,农业产业与农业资源单向作用,系统部分链网缺失,说明目前的耦合机制不能有效支撑农业产业-资源系统的良性运行,具体表现为：未充分挖掘林草生态系统的经济功能,资源未达到最优配置。因而,下一步需通过对政策、信息（技术、市场）、农业资源、农业产业等要素的优化组合,构建新的良性耦合机制,进而实现吴起县农业产业-资源系统的优化耦合,促进退耕区生态文明建设。     

Identifying and Evaluating a Suitable Index for Agricultural Drought Monitoring in the Texas High Plains

Drought is a complex and highly destructive natural phenomenon that affects portions of the United States almost every year, and severe water deficiencies can often become catastrophic for agricultural production. Evapotranspiration (ET) by crops is an important component in the agricultural water budget; thus, it is advantageous to include ET in agricultural drought monitoring. The main objectives of this study were to (1) conduct a literature review of drought indices with a focus to identify a simple but simultaneously adequate drought index for monitoring agricultural drought in a semiarid region and (2) using the identified drought index method, develop and evaluate time series of that drought index for the Texas High Plains. Based on the literature review, the Standardized Precipitation‐Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) was found to satisfy identified constraints for assessing agricultural drought. However, the SPEI was revised by replacing reference ET with potential crop ET to better represent actual water demand. Data from the Texas High Plains Evapotranspiration network was used to calculate SPEIs for the major irrigated crops. Trends and magnitudes of crop‐specific, time‐series SPEIs followed crop water demand patterns for summer crops. Such an observation suggests that a modified SPEI is an appropriate index to monitor agricultural drought for summer crops, but it was found to not account for soil water stored during the summer fallow period for winter wheat.     

Impact Study on Human Activity to the Resource-environment Based on the Consumption Level Difference of China's Provinces or Autonomous Regions

The study on population and the resource-environment by the consumption may contribute to the further cognition about their correlations and provide the policy references for natural resources use and environmental protection. This article has studied the impact status of the consumption level difference of China's 31 provinces or autonomous regions on the resource-environment in 2005 by per capita consumption expenditure and serial statistical data with unit person method and constructed consumption model and hierarchical cluster analysis. We found several trends. To the intensity that population acting on the resource-environment, four sorts of regions might be divided in 2005, furthermore, most of them were at the level of unit person. Provinces or autonomous regions, located in the developed coastal areas in China, generally have the bigger impact intensity on the resource-environment than the others. That is to say, the natural resources mainly flow from west to east and from north to south, but the environmental loads are shared in the whole China and are likely to be aggravated from east to west reversely. The main causes of imbalance of pressure on the resource-environment should be the difference of consumption level, the unmatchable resource exploitation and utilization, the imbalance of discharging pollutants, and the difference of moderate carrying capacity. To the total impact quantities that population acting on the resource-environment, four sorts of regions were divided in 2005 and the difference of them was notable. Provinces or autonomous regions, having the bigger impact quantities on the resource-environment, are generally located in the eastern and central China while the extended western China is still the weak impact area of the resource-environment consumption or terminal pressure. Provinces or autonomous regions are few, where the total impact quantities are more or less; alternately, those are many, where the total impact quantities rank the middle.