L型钢管混凝土芯柱耐火极限研究

火灾高温对结构安全有显著影响,为研究等肢L形钢管混凝土芯柱的耐火极限及其影响因素,利用ABAQUS软件建立合理的高温反应分析模型,在验证模型可靠性基础上,分析了荷载比、截面边长、长细比、荷载偏心率、含钢率等对L形钢管混凝土芯柱耐火极限的影响。研究结果表明:在一定参数范围内,荷载比和截面边长是构件耐火极限的主要影响参数,荷载比越小,截面边长越大,构件的耐火极限越高;长细比和荷载偏心率对其影响较大,长细比和荷载偏心率越小,构件的耐火极限越高;含钢率对其影响不显著。结果可为异形钢管混凝土芯柱的抗火安全设计提供参考。     

Low-carbon transition of iron and steel industry in China: Carbon intensity, economic growth and policy intervention

As the biggest iron and steel producer in the world and one of the highest CO₂ emission sectors, China's iron and steel industry is undergoing a low-carbon transition accompanied by remarkable technological progress and investment adjustment, in response to the macroeconomic climate and policy intervention. Many drivers of the CO₂ emissions of the iron and steel industry have been explored, but the relationships between CO₂ abatement, investment and technological expenditure, and their connections with the economic growth and governmental policies in China, have not been conjointly and empirically examined. We proposed a concise conceptual model and an econometric model to investigate this crucial question. The results of regression, Granger causality test and impulse response analysis indicated that technological expenditure can significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, and that investment expansion showed a negative impact on CO₂ emission reduction. It was also argued with empirical evidence that a good economic situation favored CO₂ abatement in China's iron and steel industry, while achieving CO₂ emission reduction in this industrial sector did not necessarily threaten economic growth. This shed light on the dispute over balancing emission cutting and economic growth. Regarding the policy aspects, the year 2000 was found to be an important turning point for policy evolution and the development of the iron and steel industry in China. The subsequent command and control policies had a significant, positive effect on CO₂ abatement.     

钢铁工业氮氧化物污染防治途径研究

针对钢铁工业氮氧化物减排的紧迫形势,首先介绍了钢铁工业氮氧化物主要排放源,提出了烧结工序和自备电厂是氮氧化物排放的主要污染源,其烟气中氮氧化物控制是钢铁企业氮氧化物减排的重点;其次对钢铁工业氮氧化物生成机理,热力型、燃料型、快速型进行了分析;在此基础上,总结了钢铁工业烧结、自备电厂、焦化、炼铁、轧钢工序氮氧化物污染防治技术途径,为钢铁工业进一步开展氮氧化物减排工作提供了技术支撑.     

高能重离子辐照下国产RPV钢A508-3的硬化行为

目的 研究在563 K的温度条件下,高能重离子辐照导致国产RPV钢A508-3的硬化行为。方法 使用回旋加速器提供的352.8 MeV Fe²¹⁺对A508-3钢试样进行辐照,使其依次达到0.15、0.30、1.50 dpa的损伤水平。借助辐照终端的梯度减能装置,在样品表面至25 μm的深度范围内产生一个准均匀分布的原子离位损伤坪区,并使用纳米压痕仪和维氏显微硬度计测量了试样的硬度。结果 考虑到压痕尺寸效应的影响,采用Nix-Gao模型对硬度数据进行拟合,由于高能Fe离子产生了较厚的损伤区,辐照试样中的软基效应明显减弱。辐照后的试样出现明显的硬化现象,且随着辐照剂量的增大,硬化增量有饱和趋势。通过辐照前和辐照至0.15 dpa试样的微硬度数据,得出其与纳米硬度之间的线性关系(Hv0=0.85 H0)。结论 借助A508-3辐照前后的硬度数据,计算发现试样的屈服强度增量与辐照剂量之间存在一种幂函数关系,这为A508-3钢中子-离子辐照硬化的映射关系研究提供了基础数据。     

小冲杆试验测定重离子辐照A508-3钢的硬化和脆化

目的采用小冲杆测试方法测量高能重离子辐照反应堆压力容器A508-3钢的辐照硬化和脆化特性,为工况条件下反应堆压力容器寿命预测提供实验依据。方法采用兰州重离子加速器提供的高能C^(6+)离子通过减能装置在290℃条件下开展A508-3钢辐照实验,并在样品表面形成一定厚度、准均匀分布的离位损伤层。通过开展不同辐照剂量辐照样品的小冲杆测试,得到不同辐照剂量A508-3钢的小冲杆载荷-位移曲线。通过对小冲杆测试得到的载荷-位移曲线的分析,测定不同辐照剂量样品的辐照硬化和脆化特性。结果压力容器A508-3钢辐照样品的硬化和脆化随着辐照剂量的增加逐渐增强,0.15 dpa以前呈线性增长,而后缓慢增大,约0.2 dpa时达到饱和趋势。结论通过小冲杆测试可以得到离子辐照样品的硬化和脆化行为,A508-3钢辐照硬化和脆化行为具有一致的变化趋势。     

低铬油套管钢材在不同工况下的腐蚀规律研究

目的 研究低铬油套管钢材在不同腐蚀环境中的腐蚀特征。方法 采用高温高压动态反应釜对1Cr、3Cr这2种常用低铬油套管钢材进行纯CO2、CO2和低浓度H2S共存条件下的腐蚀试验。结果 温度在40~80 ℃条件下,各种钢材的腐蚀速率随着温度的升高而变大。加入低浓度H2S后,可以抑制CO2腐蚀,且随着温度升高,抑制性逐渐减弱。分析认为,在单独CO2环境以及CO2和低浓度H2S共存的环境中,1Cr、3Cr钢表面出现铬富集现象,形成的Cr(OH)3膜保护基底。同时,在CO2和低浓度H2S共存的环境中,1Cr、3Cr钢表面形成致密的FeS产物膜有助于保护基底,抵抗Cl^－侵蚀。结论 低Cr钢表面因铬的富集形成钝化膜,能有效抑制油套管的腐蚀速率,以上研究成果对CO2和低浓度H2S环境中的腐蚀理论以及油田油套管材料合理选择均有一定指导意义。     

海洋大气环境下磷钒系耐候钢腐蚀数据分析

本文通过大气环境暴露试验,研究了在青岛海洋大气环境中暴露10年5周期的4种磷钒系耐候钢的腐蚀规律。结果表明,四种耐候钢的腐蚀速率的关系为:10CrPV10CuPV10MoPV08PV,耐侯钢的耐蚀性与添加元素类别和添加量相关。平均腐蚀深度数据拟合结果表明,A值大小顺序为:10CrPV10CuPV10 MoPV08PV,而n值的顺序是:10CuPV10CrPV10MoPV08PV。     

加强三峡地区土壤腐蚀环境调查与研究

三峡工程是关系到国计民生的一项特大型工程，必须保证其长期，安全地运行，这就要求对工程中的埋地金属构件进行有效的腐蚀防护，而构件使用寿命的预测及防护方法的筛选又赖于该地区土壤的腐蚀性强弱。本文以三峡坝址土壤的腐蚀性调查与研究为重点，探讨了三峡地区土壤的腐蚀性及其主要影响因子，作者认为，三峡地区土壤的腐蚀性较强，在工程建设中最好先进行土壤腐蚀环境的勘测，并在工程中采用必要的防护方法。     

FLOW PERSISTENCE AS A MODIFIER OF SEASONAL RUNOFF PATTERNS1

ABSTRACT: The effect of flow persistence on seasonal patterns of watershed runoff was modeled by using runoff of the immediate antecedent month as an index. Monthly runoff was expressed as a function of monthly rainfall, season of the year, and runoff of the antecedent month. The three independent variables were expressed functionally as sliding polynomials, thus producing a piece-wise, form-free, three-dimensional causative structure. A model form allowing complete interactivity of the three independent variables could not be optimized because of insufficient data with high values of both antecedent runoff and monthly rainfall. A model with reduced interactivity was successfully optimized. Data sets from five watersheds ranging from 0.14 to 398 square miles were analyzed. Results were presented as a series of contour maps that showed contours of monthly runoff in the data space of season and monthly rain. In the series of maps, the patterns of the runoff contours changed with changing values of antecedent runoff. During the wet season of the year the contours changed significantly with antecedent runoff, but changes in the dry season were minimal. The quantitative change of runoff was more readily portrayed with cross-sections through the contoured surfaces.     

新型钢渣水处理剂去除水体污染物的研究现状

钢渣是炼钢生产过程中产生的固体废弃物,具有较高的碱度、机械强度和比表面积。钢渣化学成份较复杂,直接排放会对环境造成严重的污染,加强钢渣的处置及综合利用具有重大意义。作为一种新型的水处理剂,钢渣用于去除水体污染物不仅减少了水体、土壤等生态环境的污染,而且达到了以废治废的目的。文章分析了钢渣水处理剂去除水体污染物的作用机理,认为钢渣水处理剂对水体中污染物的去除主要通过吸附和沉淀两种作用,而还原作用和离子交换作用相对较小。阐述了钢渣水处理剂处理重金属废水、有机废水和无机废水的研究现状,提出了在开发液态钢渣新型处理工艺的基础上,实现钢渣水处理剂的应用。