PO生产中高浓度有机氯化物废水处理及回收利用技术

采用物理、化学方法，研究了治理与综合利用环氧丙烷生产排放的高浓度有机氯化物废水的工艺，在小试、中试的基础上，确定生产的工艺条件，并投入实际运行，取得了令人满意的效果。有机氯化物回收利用率达到９５％以上，废水达到零排放，走出了一条综合利用废水的新途径。     

三相流态化烟气脱硫模拟中试试验研究

在参考国内外大量湿法脱硫研究经验的基础上 ,提出一种适合我国国情的烟气脱硫技术路线 :三相流态化吸收式烟气脱硫工艺。建立了处理烟气量 2 0 0 0Nm3 h的模拟中试实验装置 ,并进行大量石灰浆液烟气脱硫试验研究 ,总结出流态化反应器的脱硫性能及其影响因素。试验结果表明 :流态化反应器脱硫效率随着浆液浓度、喷射管插入深度、搅拌速度等的增加而增加。当浆液pH值在 5～ 8之间 ,喷射管插入深度 16 0～ 2 0 0mm(相应的喷射器的压降约为 15 0 0～ 190 0Pa) ,喷射速度为 10～ 2 5m s左右 ,循环倍率为 3倍 ,浆液浓度为 7%以下 ,反应温度 5 5～ 6 0℃ ,对反应加以搅拌和对产物强制氧化 ,可以获得 95 %以上的脱硫效率     

固定化聚铝的制备及在纸品加工废水处理中的应用

经水解尿素均匀沉淀 灼烧 ,在素瓷表面制备可能有共价结合的铝胶膜 ;铝胶薄膜载体与经复分解反应制得的氯化铝悬浊液共熟化 ,在其表面生成聚铝 ,经烧结进一步固化而制得固定化聚铝絮凝剂。经三级固定化絮凝剂床处理 ,纸品加工废水的COD、BOD、悬浮物、硫化物、色度等指标可分别降低 93 %、77%、97%、94%、80 %。     

不同改良剂对微碱性土壤镉形态及小麦吸收的影响

研究过磷酸钙、石灰和硅钙镁肥单一施用对土壤Cd形态和小麦植株不同器官Cd含量的影响,以期为微碱性Cd污染土壤安全利用提供理论参考.通过盆栽试验,研究不同改良剂对小麦成熟期土壤Cd形态以及二乙基三胺五乙酸（DTPA）提取态镉含量的影响,分析小麦不同器官中Cd的含量.结果表明：过磷酸钙显著降低了土壤的pH值,石灰和硅钙镁肥显著提高了土壤的pH值.3种改良剂均可以显著降低土壤DTPA提取态镉含量,其中施用硅钙镁肥（3%）的效果最好,降幅为73.60%.添加硅钙镁肥可显著降低土壤可交换态镉含量,同时增加残渣态镉含量,其中硅钙镁肥（3%）处理效果最佳,土壤可交换态镉含量降幅为63.30%,残渣态镉含量增幅为56.20%.3种改良剂均可显著降低小麦地上部、地下部Cd含量,其中硅钙镁肥处理对小麦地上部及地下部Cd含量降低效果最佳.硅钙镁肥（1.2%）处理对小麦籽粒镉含量降低效果最好,降幅为90.85%.土壤pH值与土壤DTPA提取态Cd含量达到了极负显著水平,土壤DTPA提取态Cd含量与小麦各器官中Cd呈极显著正相关.因此,施用不同改良剂可不同程度的降低土壤中Cd的生物有效性和小麦植株不同器官中Cd的含量,缓解Cd对植株的胁迫效应. 3种改良剂在同等剂量水平下,硅钙镁肥对小麦器官中镉的降低效果最佳.     

Fenton氧化联合氧化钙调理对污泥脱水的机理研究

探讨了使用Fenton氧化联合氧化钙全过程(第一阶段:使用硫酸调节污泥p H值;第二阶段:投加Fe2+;第三阶段:投加H2O2;第四阶段:投加氧化钙)对污泥脱水效果及物理化学性质的影响.结果表明,酸化处理可以改变絮体的大小,降低Zeta电位,分散絮体,同时去除部分胞外聚合物(EPS),进而改善了污泥脱水性能.此外,在Fenton氧化的过程中,污泥颗粒、Zeta电位、EPS和比阻(SRF)均呈现逐渐减少的趋势,同时生成氢氧化铁胶体会覆盖在污泥颗粒表面,形成保护性的硬壳,进而使污泥的脱水性能大幅提高.当加入氧化钙时,形成稳定的刚性的结构使污泥颗粒重新聚合,促使生成多孔的脱水通道.中试结果阐明,Fenton氧化过程是实现污泥的深度脱水的关键,并表明各个阶段污泥脱水过程中产生的滤液水质状况.总的来说,本研究提供了在高压下实现污泥深度脱水的新思路,包括:絮体酸溶分散与重聚-保护性氧化-骨架构建.由此看来,Fenton氧化联合氧化钙是一种相对温和且有效的污泥调理方法.     

不同钝化剂对重金属污染土壤稳定化效应的研究

利用腐殖质、硫酸铵、石灰、过磷酸钙及其复配组合对污染土壤中的重金属进行快速钝化处理,根据稳定效率和钝化剂的钝化能力Cap值对钝化材料进行筛选,并采用BCR形态分级实验(European Communities Bureau of Referent,欧共体标准测量与检测局提取法)研究钝化前后土壤中重金属的形态变化.结果表明:1在单一钝化材料实验中,2%石灰稳定效果最好;在复配实验中,以2%腐殖质+2%石灰稳定效果最好,Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn稳定效率分别达98.49%、99.40%、95.86%、99.21%.2钝化能力Cap值顺序:石灰腐殖质+石灰硫酸铵+石灰磷肥硫酸铵+磷肥腐殖质+磷肥腐殖质硫酸铵.3BCR形态分级实验表明,腐殖质+石灰复合钝化剂对重金属的稳定化效应优于单一石灰处理.此外,当2%腐殖质先添加时Cd被活化,使Cd在随后加入的2%石灰处理下更容易转换为了稳定性较高的有机结合态和残渣态.     

Microbial Poly(L-Lactide)-Degrading Enzyme Induced by Amino Acids, Peptides, and Poly(L-Amino Acids)

Poly(L-lactide)(PLA)-degrading activities of a fungus, Tritirachium album, and two strains of actinomycetes,Lentzea waywayandensis and Amycolatopsis orientalis, were inducible by some proteins (poly-L-amino acid), peptides and amino acids. Extracellular PLA-degrading activity of the culture filtrates was detected when these strains grew in liquid basal medium containing 0.1% (w/v) of (poly-L-amino acids), peptides or amino acids as the enzyme inducer. In addition to PLA-degrading activity, succinyl-(L-alanyl-L-alanyl-L-alanine)-p-nitroanilide (Suc-(Ala)₃-pNA)-degrading activity was observed, implying that the enzymes produced were protease-type. The enzyme activities produced varied between different strains and different inducers. Silk fibroin was the best inducer for A. orientalis and that elastin was the best inducer for L. waywayandensis and T. album.     

Morphological Study on Hydrolytic Degradation of Poly(tetramethylene succinate) Single Crystals and Spherulites

The morphological changes of Poly(tetramethylene succinate) single crystal lamellae by hydrolysis are investigated, using TEM, WAXD and SAXS. And the morphology of PTMS spherulites was also observed by optical microscopy after treatments as well as single crystal lamellae. The edge region of single crystal lamella can be most easily affected in the initial stage of hydrolysis. As the hydrolysis time increases, the lamellae are separated into small fragments which may be started from the uneven or irregular parts of the surface. The WAXD results showed that crystallinity were increased with increasing of treatment time. The lamellar thickness decreased at the initial stage of hydrolysis and increased again. There were cracks on the surface of spherulites after hydrolysis and the direction of cracks were tangential direction of spherulites. This result was thought to be from the uniformity of molecular arrangement in the crystallographic unit cell.     

Application of recombinant gene technology for production of polyhydroxyalkanoic acids: Biosynthesis of poly(4-hydroxybutyric acid) homopolyester

Screening of a large number of bacteria revealed several strains, which utilize 1,4-butanediol and/or 4-hydroxybutyric acid (4HB) as a carbon source for growth and for synthesis of polyhydroxyalkanoic acids (PHA) containing 4HB as one constituent among others (mostly 3-hydroxybutyric acid). However, none of the wild-type strains investigated in this study was able to produce a homopolyester consisting solely of 4HB. Only several poly(3-hydroxybutyric acid)-leaky mutants ofAlcaligenes eutrophus strain JMP222 synthesized poly(4HB) homopolyester, which amounted to approximately 10% (w/w) of the cellular dry matter. If the PHA synthase structural gene ofA. eutrophus strain H16 was expressed in these mutants, the amount of poly(4HB) was increased to approximately 30% (w/w). The occurrence of poly(4HB) was demonstrated by gas chromatographic as well as¹H and¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analysis.Paper presented at the Bio/Environmentally Degradable Polymer Society—Second National Meeting, August 19–21, 1993, Chicago, Illinois.