重金属对好氧颗粒污泥性能的影响

以葡萄糖为碳源,以絮状污泥为接种污泥,以序批式污泥反应器为反应装置,考察了重金属离子锌、铜和铅对好氧颗粒污泥的稳定性及去除有机物、氨氮的影响.结果表明,在温度为25℃,pH值为7时,成功实现了好氧颗粒污泥的培养.重金属的加入使得污泥颗粒变小,在重金属离子浓度2～50mg/L范围内,三种金属离子锌、铜和铅对COD的去除率...     

环境因素对大肠杆菌REP-PCR指纹图谱稳定性影响研究

大肠杆菌作为粪便污染指示生物,其DNA指纹图谱稳定性是制约微生物污染源识别技术发展的瓶颈之一.本研究采用绿色荧光蛋白基因(GFP)标记后的Escherichia coli K12(K12GFP)为受试菌株,利用REP-PCR方法,对大肠杆菌在不同温度、光照、盐度条件下其DNA指纹图谱的稳定性进行了研究.结果表明,绿色荧...     

库水位变化与降雨作用下库岸斜坡稳定性分析

三峡水库正常蓄水后,库水位在175-145m之间周期性波动,库岸斜坡地下水渗流状态将会发生较大的改变.可能导致斜坡失稳.本文采用数值模拟方法,以巴东县西壤坡为例,分析了在库水位升降与降雨联合作用下斜坡体内地下水渗流场的变化过程,通过渗流场与应力场的耦合模拟分析,探讨了库岸斜坡在水位变化及降雨作用下稳定性的变化特征.     

四川地震灾区某滑坡稳定性分析及治理工程方案比选

本文从四川地震灾区某滑坡体地质环境背景条件出发,在分析了该滑坡体的工程地质特征的基础上,对该滑坡的稳定性进行了分析,并根据滑坡结构特征及威胁对象,对该滑坡治理方案进行了比选,选取5个比较因子进行定性分析,最终得出了其治理工程的优化方案.     

蒙库铁矿高陡边坡稳定性影响因素分析与安全控制措施

本文以新疆蒙库铁矿矿山高陡边坡为研究对象,对边坡稳定性的影响因素(岩性、结构面、几何特性、软弱夹层、爆破振动与冻融循环作用)进行了分析,在此基础上针对蒙库铁矿边坡工程实际提出了该高陡边坡的安全控制措施,并强调指出安全控制措施的制定应以“预防性安全控制措施为主,必要的工程加固为辅”为原则,其中预防性安全控制措施主要包括边...     

亚临界水中聚酰亚胺的解聚及其单体稳定性的研究

利用间歇式高压反应装置研究了高性能聚合物聚酰亚胺（PI）在亚临界水中的解聚情况.同时,采用气-质联谱（GC-MS）、反相高效液相色谱（HPLC）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）等方法对解聚产物进行定性定量分析,确定解聚产物主要为4,4＇-二苯醚二甲酸、4,4＇-二氨基二苯醚（4,4＇-ODA）、苯胺和对苯二酚.在350℃...     

The importance of heterozygosity in a frog’s life

High genetic variability may increase metabolic efficiency and thus allows responding to environmental challenges as limits to adaptation are approached. Therefore, it has been suggested that high genetic variability contributes strongly to the fitness of an individual. Survival to high age may thus depend on high genetic variability, and genetically variable individuals may have a higher survival rate to high ages in comparison to less variable sympatric conspecifics. Such a heterozygosity × age relationship might be more readily detectable in stressful as compared to benign environments. For testing the relationship between age and heterozygosity, we genetically analyzed 71 individuals of the frog species Rana perezi from a total of seven populations at 13 allozyme loci. The age of the individuals was determined by skeletochronology. We found effects on age of both environment and allozyme heterozygosity, especially in populations with high stress regimes. A significant heterozygosity × age relationship has so far rarely been shown in natural populations. The result of our analysis suggests that more heterozygous individuals have a higher longevity and may be an important source of genetic variability of a population, likely contributing to a stabilization of the effective population size.     

Impact of fertilization on chestnut growth, N and P concentrations in runo water on degraded slope land in South China

Growing fruit trees on the slopes of rolling hills in South China was causing serious environmental problems because of heavy application of chemical fertilizers and soil erosion. Suitable sources of fertilizers and proper rates of applications were of key importance to both crop yields and environmental protection. In this article, the impact of four fertilizers, i.e., inorganic compound fertilizer, organic compound fertilizer, pig manure compost, and peanut cake （peanut oil pressing residue）, on chestnut （Castanea mollissima Blume） growth on a slope in South China, and on the total N and total P concentrations in runoff waters have been investigated during two years of study, with an orthogonal experimental design. Results show that the organic compound fertilizer and peanut cake promote the heights of young chestnut trees compared to the control. In addition, peanut cake increases single-fruit weights and organic compound fertilizer raises single-seed weights. All the fertilizers increased the concentrations of total N and total P in runoff waters, except for organic compound fertilizer, in the first year experiment. The observed mean concentrations of total N varied from 1.6 mg/L to 3.2 mg/L and P from 0.12 mg/L to 0.22 mg/L, which were increased with the amount of fertilizer applications, with no pattern of direct proportion. On the basis of these experiment results, organic compound fertilizer at 2 kg/tree and peanut cake at 1 kg/tree are recommended to maximize chestnut growth and minimize water pollution.     

基于AHPRS的露天矿边坡稳定性影响因素权重的确定

在分析边坡稳定影响因素的基础上,选取重度、内聚力、内摩擦角、边坡角、边坡高度、孔隙压力比6个影响边坡稳定的因素作为指标因子,提出利用层次分析法(AHP)和粗糙集理论(RS)相结合的方法(AHP-RS)进行指标权重的确定。经计算得出的指标权重按照从大到小的顺序排列为:内聚力、边坡角、内摩擦角、重度、边坡高度、孔隙压力比。AHP-RS作为一种主客观因素相结合的方法,能避免AHP的主观任意性及单独使用RS时出现权重为0的情况,所得结果能更准确地反映边坡的实际情况。     

某尾矿坝稳定性数值分析

基于某尾矿库目前标高和最终标高的概化模型,在正常水位和洪水位两种工况下,采用GeoStudio软件中的SEEP/W模块进行渗流场模拟,并应用SLOPE/W模块对每种条件下尾矿坝的稳定性进行数值计算,得到最危险滑动面和最小抗滑稳定系数。结果表明,在排渗设施正常工作的情况下,尾矿坝边坡稳定性均满足规范要求的最小安全系数,但终高洪水位时坝体安全系数的富余不是很大。同时验证了尾矿坝安全系数随着库内水位的上升以及浸润线深度的变化规律。