某市饮用水水质生物稳定性研究

研究某市的几个典型水厂的ＡＯＣ和ＢＤＯＣ含量和其在处理工艺和管 的变化规律,以及对爆管管道取样作扫描电镜分析,得到初步结论：（１）水源水质较好的水厂其出厂水和管网水中ＡＯＣ含量相对较低,反之则高,（２）在饮用水中ＡＯＣ与ＢＤＯＣ之比变化较大,但大量数据统计结果表明平均约为３０－４０％,因此如果以ＢＤＯＣ作为饮用水生物稳定性的评价指标也是可以的,（３）常规给水处理工艺对ＡＯＣ的支 动较大,大多数情况     

挥发性有机化合物催化氧化催化剂的制备和性能研究

研制出用于催化氧化废气中挥发性有机化合物（ＶＯＣ）的非贵金属氧化物催化剂,在固定床上,处理含醋酸丁酯的模拟气,考察了空速、浓度等因素对催化剂活性的影响及催化剂的耐热性能,当空速为５０００ｈ＾－１,进气温度为２２０℃、醋酸丁酯质量浓度为２．４～５．８ｇ／ｍ＾２时,醋酸丁酯的去除率〉９８％,而且该催化剂人具有较高的热稳定性。     

尾叶悬钩子红色素的性质及其稳定性

对尾叶悬钩子红色素的基本理化性质,及光、温度、PH值,氧化还原介质、5种金属离子和3种食品添加剂对其稳定性的影响进行了分析探讨,结果表明,尾叶悬钩子鲜果中总花色苷含量高,其色素属水溶性花青苷类,该色素在60℃以下较稳定,但抗氧化和还原性较差,金属离子中Fe^3 等对色素的吸光度有明显影响,而Cu^2＋,Mg^2 及低浓度Zn^2 影响不大,Mn^2 、较高浓度（ρ＝100－300mgL^-1）的Zn^2＋、葡萄糖、苯甲酸钠则对色素稳定性无影响,并有不同程度的护色效果。图6表6参6     

污泥水煤浆的基础特性研究

通过与纯水煤浆的对比实验,分析了污泥添加量对水煤浆流变性、稳定性及燃烧等基础特性的影响。结果表明,在污泥添加比例为5％～10％,分散剂用量为0．6％～1．2％,稳定剂用量为0．1％的情况下,可以得到流变性和稳定性良好的污泥水煤浆。随着水煤浆中污泥添加比例的提高,着火温度T1降低,燃尽温度提前,燃烧特性变好。管式炉中燃烧实验表明,试样中硫析出率随温度的升高而增大,而污泥水煤浆比纯水煤浆具有更好的固硫效果。     

无皂乳液聚合改性废聚苯乙烯

以聚(甲基丙烯酸丁酯—丙烯酸钠)(P (BMA- AANa))为乳化剂,采用无皂乳液聚合技术,利用BMA对废聚苯乙烯(PS)泡沫塑料进行接枝改性.实验得出适宜的工艺条件:P(BMA - AANa)质量分数为51.5％,m(BMA)∶m(丙烯酸)=4∶6,PS和BMA质量分数之和为10.0％;m(PS)∶m(BMA) =...     

高速公路边坡生态防护系统探讨

分析了高速公路边坡特点及其侵蚀机理,阐述了过去我国边坡防护方式的不足之处,提出了边坡防护类型选择原则及生物防护方式的优势所在,同时还指出当前边坡防护中存在的问题.     

磷矿矿山顶板稳定性分级方法

冒顶片帮事故是地下矿山危害最为严重的事故,矿山地压管理是地下开采矿山安全管理的重要任务.顶板稳定性分析是地压管理的重要方法.提出了顶板稳定性分级的指标和分级方法.首次指出风化作用对顶板稳定性的影响,并就地下水对顶板稳定性的影响进行了分析.     

Quantifying Reductions of Mass‐Failure Frequency and Sediment Loadings From Streambanks Using Toe Protection and Other Means: Lake Tahoe,United States1

Abstract: Streambank erosion by mass‐failure processes represents an important form of channel adjustment and a significant source of sediment in disturbed streams. Mass failures regularly occur by a combination of hydraulic processes that undercut bank toes and geotechnical processes that cause bank collapse by gravity. Little if any quantitative information is available on the effectiveness of bank treatments on reducing erosion. To evaluate potential reduction in sediment loadings emanating from streambanks, the hydraulic and geotechnical processes responsible for mass failure were simulated under existing and mitigated conditions using a Bank‐Stability and Toe‐Erosion Model (BSTEM). Two critical erosion sites were selected from each of the three watersheds known to contribute the greatest amounts of fine sediment by streambank processes in the Lake Tahoe Basin. A typical high‐flow annual hydrograph was selected for analysis. Bank‐material strength data were collected for each layer as were species‐specific root‐reinforcement values. The effects of the first flow event on bank‐toe erosion were simulated using an excess shear‐stress approach. The resulting geometry was then exported into the bank‐stability submodel to test for the relative stability of the bank under peak flow and drawdown conditions. In this way, BSTEM was used iteratively for all flow events for both existing and mitigated conditions. On average, 13.6% of the material was eroded by hydraulic shear, the remainder by mass failures, which occurred about five times over the simulation period. Simulations with 1.0 m‐high rock‐toe protection showed a dramatic reduction in streambank erosion (69‐100%). Failure frequency for the simulation period was reduced in most cases to a single episode. Thus, an almost 90% reduction in streambank loadings was achieved by virtually eliminating the erosion of only 14% of the material that was entrained by hydraulic forces. Consequently, simulations show average load reductions of about an order of magnitude. Results stress the critical importance of protecting the bank toe‐region from steepening by hydraulic forces that would otherwise entrain previously failed and in situ bank materials, thereby allowing the upper bank to flatten (by failure) to a stable slope.     

Bed Stability and Sedimentation Associated With Human Disturbances in Pacific Northwest Streams1

Abstract: To evaluate anthropogenic sedimentation in United States (U.S.) Pacific Northwest coastal streams, we applied an index of relative bed stability (LRBS*) to summer low flow survey data collected using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program field methods in a probability sample of 101 wadeable stream reaches. LRBS* is the log of the ratio of bed surface geometric mean particle diameter (D_gm) to critical diameter (D*_cbf) at bankfull flow, based on a modified Shield’s criterion for incipient motion. We used a formulation of LRBS* that explicitly accounts for reductions in bed shear stress that result from channel form roughness due to pools and wood. LRBS* ranged from ?1.9 to +0.5 in streams within the lower quartile of human riparian and basin disturbance, and was substantially lower (?4.2 to ?1.1) in streams within the upper quartile of human disturbance. Modeling results suggest that the expected range of LRBS* in streams without human disturbances in this region might be generally between ?0.7 and +0.5 in either sedimentary or volcanic lithology. However, streams draining relatively soft, erodible sedimentary lithology showed greater reductions in LRBS* associated with disturbance than did those having harder, more resistant volcanic (basalt) lithology with similar levels of basin and riparian disturbance. At any given level of disturbance, smaller streams had lower LRBS* than those with larger drainages. In sedimentary lithology (sandstone and siltstone), high‐gradient streams had higher LRBS* than did low‐gradient streams of the same size and level of human disturbance. High gradient streams in volcanic lithology, in contrast, had lower LRBS* than low‐gradient streams of similar size and disturbance. Correlations between D_gm and land disturbance were stronger than those observed between D*_cbf and land disturbance. This pattern suggests that land use has augmented sediment supplies and increased streambed fine sediments in the most disturbed streams. However, we also show evidence that some of the apparent reductions in LRBS*, particularly in steep streams draining small volcanic drainages, may have resulted in part from anthropogenic increases in bed shear stress. The synoptic survey methods and designs we use appear adequate to evaluate regional patterns in bed stability and sedimentation and their general relationship to human disturbances. More precise field measurements of channel slope, cross‐section geometry, and bed surface particle size would be required to use LRBS* in applications requiring a higher degree of accuracy and precision, such as site‐specific assessments at individual streams.     

聚硅基复合氯化铁絮凝剂的制备及其在采油废水处理中的应用

采用硅酸钠制备聚硅酸,探讨了活化pH、活化剂、硅酸钠浓度(以SiO_2质量分数计)及聚合温度等因素对聚硅酸稳定性的影响.利用聚硅酸及氯化铁制备聚硅基复合氯化铁(PSiF),并通过正交试验分析了活化pH、Si/Fe(摩尔比)、OH/Fe(摩尔比)、制备时间对PSiF絮凝性能的影响.综合考虑絮凝性能、稳定性以及经济性等因素,确定PSiF适宜的制备条件为SiO_2质量分数2%～3%;活化pH为2～3;Si/Fe为0.50～0.75;OH/Fe为0.50～0.75;制备时间为0.5 h;聚合温度低于25℃.对比PSiF、PAC、FeCl_3对采油废水的处理效果,PSiF除浊、除COD效果以及经济性最好,是一种应用前景广阔的新型絮凝剂.