北川山区海拔和坡向对杂交玉米的影响

在φ（N）31°45′～31°50′,λ（E）104°20′～104°25′范围内,通过3个杂交玉米品种在海拔（h     

塔里木内陆河流域生态环境脆弱性分析

塔里木内陆河流域的气候条件,尤其是水热条件和地貌特征是植被生态、土壤环境及水环境形成与分异最主要的控制性因素。几大环境要素之间相互联系、相互制约形成塔河流域生态环境时空分布的差异性,并表现出不同程度的脆弱性特征。总体表现为以荒漠化为主体的生态环境问题日益加剧,而具体表现为土地沙漠化、土壤盐渍化、草场退化、生物多样性丧失等。从恢复生态学的观点出发,应运用RS及GIS等新技术手段,监测生态环境变化,探索维持生态系统稳定性的机制。     

Effect of high-voltage direct current link on small signal stability of a power system with different penetration level of doubly fed induction generator and direct drive synchronous generator based wind farms

High penetration level of wind power has significant impact on the dynamic performance of power system. Power system with existing high-voltage direct current (HVDC) link may influence the stability of power system at high penetration level of wind power. This article investigates the stability issues of power system with existing HVDC link for different penetration level of doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and direct drive synchronous generator (DDSG) based wind farms. The small signal stability analysis shows that power system with HVDC link has improved the stability of the power system for increased penetration of DFIG- and DDSG-based wind farms.     

A bioeconomic model of a single-species fishery with a marine reserve

This study examines the impact of the creation of marine protected areas (MPAs), from both economic and biological perspectives. In particular, we examine the effects of protected patches and harvesting on resource populations. We conclude that protected patches are an effective means of conserving resource populations, even though extinction cannot be prevented in all cases. We discuss the dynamic optimization of a harvest policy by choosing E(t), the harvesting effort, as the dynamic variable. We also discuss the optimal equilibrium harvest policy and explain the biological and bioeconomic interpretations of the results.     

Norm Stability in Jirisan National Park: Effects of Time,Existing Conditions,and Background Characteristics

Norm stability is an important issue to consider in using the normative approach as a component of resource management decision making. This study examines three major questions related to norm stability: (1) Do norms change over time? (2) Do existing conditions affect norms? (3) Do background characteristics and visitation patterns affect norms? Data used in this study were collected at a campground in the Jirisan National Park (JNP) of Korea in 1993, 1994, and 2003. A total of 396 subjects were used for the study (120 for 1993, 106 for 1994, and 170 for 2003). Changes in the standards for “quiet time” and “seeing others littering” were statistically significant, but there was no change in the standard for “number of other tents.” There was little change in norm agreement or norm prevalence. Existing conditions were strongly correlated with standards for number of other tents but results were mixed for the other two indicators. Users’ demographic characteristics and visitation patterns were not generally related to norms. Findings of the study are discussed.     

Alga-lysing bioreactor and the dominant bacteria strain

Alga-lysing bacteria have been paid much attention to in recent years. In this study, the alga-lysing strain P05 which was isolated from an immobilizing biosystem was immobilized by coke and elastic filler, forming two biological reactors. The removal efficiencies of algae, NH3-N and organic matter using the two reactors were studied. The results showed that strain P05 was an ideal algal-lysing bacteria strain because it was easy to be immobilized by coke and elastic filler which are of cheap, low biodegradability and the simple immobilization procedure. After 7 d filming, the biological film could be formed and the reactors were used to treat the eutrophic water. These two reactors were of stability and high effect with low cost and easy operation. The optimal hydraulic retention time (HRT) of each reactor was 4 h. The algae removal rates were 80.38% and 82.1% (in term of Chl-a) of coke reactor and filler reactor, respectively. And that of NH3-N were 52.3% and 52.7%. The removal rates of CODMn were 39.03% and 39.64%. The strain P05 was identified as Bacillus sp. by PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, BLAST analysis, and comparison with sequences in the GenBank nucleotide database.     

喀斯特高原山区的景观格局变化垂直分异性——以贵州省普定后寨地下河流域中下游为例

利用多时相多数据源遥感影像数据(航片、TM影像及SPOT-5影像),采用GIS空间分析技术和数理统计分析相结合的方法,以贵州省普定县后寨地下河流域中下游地区为例,从海拔和坡位2个方面来探讨喀斯特地区的景观格局变化的垂直分异特征.结果表明:林地斑块在海拔范围为1 300～1 350 m及1 450～1 550 m的区域内,变化是最大的;水田和旱地斑块在海拔范围为1 219～1 300 m及1 350～1 450 m的区域内,变化最大.景观格局在山脊和谷底内变化相对较大,其中变化最大的是林地斑块;景观格局在陡坡和缓坡地区的变化相对较小,但是也存在一定的变化.该区域中变化较大的为水田和旱地斑块.在海拔范围为1 300～1 500 m的山脊和谷底区域内,景观斑块类型发生的变化较大.该区域应作为喀斯特高原山区的生态环境保护特别关注的区域.     

基于基本顶断裂位置分析剩余煤柱稳定性

为简化支承应力表达式及全面分析煤柱稳定性,基于基本顶断裂位置建立工作面剩余煤柱载荷力学模型,将指数函数型支承应力曲线简化为与其拟合的幂函数抛物线,推导出剩余煤柱载荷及极限宽度B表达式。计算得出312工作面基本顶断裂位置与非开采帮塑性区边缘距离d为8.6～11.5 m,B为8.06～8.85 m。研究结果表明：随着d增加,煤柱载荷及B均逐渐增大;B随煤层黏聚力与内摩擦角的增加而减小,随煤层埋深、应力集中系数、侧压力系数、煤层厚度及工作面采高的增加而增大。研究结果有助于更加全面地分析煤柱稳定性,为工程实践提供一定理论指导。     

大跨径钢管混凝土拱桥结构稳定与动力性能研究

为研究大跨径钢管混凝土拱桥结构稳定与动力性能,以某竖直双吊杆简支拱为工程背景,从拱桥吊杆设计形式和不同动力模型角度出发,研究系杆拱桥影响线特征以及不同列车激励下对桥跨结构的冲击系数。利用有限元软件ANSYS与UM(Universal Mechanism)动力学分析软件联合建模,进行仿真分析。结果表明：斜吊杆拱、网状吊杆拱刚度大、挠曲性能较好;3种吊杆设计中网状吊杆拱的稳定系数相对较大;车辆运行速度越快,对桥跨结构冲击系数越大;单节机车造成的冲击系数大于编组动车组,冲击系数随车质量的增大而减小。研究结果可为设计阶段桥型选择工作提供参考。     

甲基紫试验中改性双基推进剂的热分解机制研究

目的 研究甲基紫试验中含Al改性双基推进剂以及含RDX改性双基推进剂2种典型改性双基推进剂的热分解机理。方法 将这2种典型改性双基推进剂与普通双基推进剂进行对比试验,采用TG-DSC-FTIR-MS联用技术,通过对分解温度、放热量、分解产物等特征参数进行分析,明确3种推进剂的非等温热分解行为。采用微热量热法,在与甲基紫试验相同温度下对3种推进剂进行等温热分解行为研究。结果 含Al改性双基推进剂在程序升温条件下的热质量损失和热分解行为与普通双基推进剂的基本一致。含RDX改性双基推进剂中的NG较其他2种推进剂更易挥发,相应分解反应初期NG分解释放的NO2较少,且在整个热分解反应历程中分2个阶段,含硝酸酯基团的NC/NG体系先分解,再引起硝铵炸药RDX的热分解。在等温条件下,3种推进剂在40 min对应的反应深度均不超过0.4%,5 h对应的反应深度均不超过3%。但在分解反应初期,含Al改性双基推进剂分解反应的速率更快。结论 对比不同推进剂甲基紫安定性试验结果,并不是甲基紫试纸完全变色时间越长的热安定越好,说明甲基紫安定性试验方法存在一定的局限性。采用分解反应深度作为量气和量热方法转换的纽带,有望采用微热量热作为甲基紫试验的替代技术实现安定性的定量评价。