工业生态系统类型及稳定性的相关性探讨

在分析了工业生态系统及其稳定性涵义的基础上，结合实例把工业生态系统分为3种类型：星式工业生态系统、放射式工业生态系统和点式工业生态系统，从多方面探讨了各种类型工业生态系统的特征，并分析了工业生态系统类型与稳定的相关性，有针对性地提出提高各类型工业生态系统稳定性的对策。     

Ground Fires as a Factor of Maintenance of Pine–Larch Forests in the Southern Urals

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

Adsorption,desorption, soil mobility,aqueous persistence and octanol‐water partitioning coefficients of terbufos,terbufos sulfoxide and terbufos sulfone

Abstract

Terbufos, t. sulfoxide and t. sulfone (5 μg ml^‐1) were incubated in natural, sterilized natural and distilled water, with initial pH values of 8.8, 8.8 and 6.0, respectively, at 20°C. First‐order disappearance was observed for the three compounds. Rates in natural and sterilized water were similar indicating chemical degradation predominated. Terbufos disappeared rapidly (t½>=3 days) in all systems. T. sulfoxide and t. sulfone were more persistent in the natural (t½>=18–40 days) and distilled water (t½>=280–350 days). Adsorption data for the three compounds in four soil‐water systems showed the decreasing order of adsorption to be terbufos>>t. sulfoxide=t. sulfone. Desorption from soils fortified at 5 μg g^‐1 with water was examined for 4 successive 18‐hr cycles. T. sulfoxide and t. sulfone were totally desorbed; terbufos was too unstable to study. The mobility of the compound in soil eluted with water was in the order, t. sulfoxide=t. sulfone>> terbufos, in agreement with adsorption‐desorption results. The octanol‐water partitioning coefficients for terbufos, t. sulfoxide and t. sulfone, at 23°C, were 3:30 x 10 , 164, and 302, respectively.     

温度和pH值对重组杆状病毒(AcMNPV-BmKIT-Chi)的毒力影响

研究了温度、酸碱度对重组杆状病毒(AcMNPV-BmKIT-Chi)毒力的影响.结果显示,多角体病毒在温度4~50℃,pH6.0~8.0范围内可以保持较高的毒力稳定性;不同虫龄棉铃虫幼虫对重组病毒的毒力敏感性差异显著,低虫龄对重组核型多角体病毒更为敏感;病毒对幼虫存在亚致死作用,饲毒组与对照组幼虫体重差异显著.图3表3参13     

Adsorption of basic dyes onto MCM-41

The adsorption of two basic dyes, Basic Green 5 (BG5) and Basic Violet 10 (BV10), onto MCM-41 was studied to examine the possible effect of interactions between large adsorbates and MCM-41 on the pore structure stability of MCM-41 and the potential of MCM-41 for the removal of basic dyes from wastewater. The revolutions of surface characteristics and pore structure of MCM-41 induced by dyes adsorption were characterized based on the analyses of the nitrogen isotherms, the XRD patterns, and the FTIR spectra. It was experimentally concluded that when the effect of interactions between large dyes (such as BV10) and MCM-41 on the pore structure stability of MCM-41 was insignificant, MCM-41 might be a good adsorbent for the removal of basic dyes from wastewater. The adsorption of BV10 on MCM-41 with respect to contact time, pH, and temperature was then measured to provide more information about the adsorption characteristics of MCM-41. Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to describe the equilibrium isotherms and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model was used to describe the kinetic data, from which some adsorption thermodynamic parameters were also evaluated.     

基于格局-过程理论的非点源污染实证研究:以黄土丘陵沟壑区水土流失为例

非点源污染是影响地表环境的主要污染方式之一.针对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区水土流失这一典型的非点源污染问题,应用非点源污染的空间识别方法———景观空间负荷对比指数和景观坡度指数,对黄土高原泾河流域12个子流域进行了实证研究.结果表明,耕地、低覆盖度草地和各种林地的景观坡度指数和景观空间负荷对比指数对流域土壤侵蚀模数有显著的响应关系,对径流深度存在着一定的响应关系,而对径流变异系数和侵蚀变异系数没有明显的响应.说明景观空间负荷对比指数和景观坡度指数对流域水土流失具有一定的指示作用,可作为水土流失等非点源污染空间风险评价的1个有用方法.     

A review on transient stability of DFIG integrated power system

With the increasing penetration of doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs), the impact of the DFIG on transient stability attracts great attention. Transient stability is largely dominated by generator types in the power system, and the dynamic characteristics of DFIG wind turbines are different from that of the synchronous generators in the conventional power plants. The analysis of the transient stability on DFIG integrated power systems has become a very important issue. This paper reviews the current research on the issue from two aspects. One is to describe the methods to improve the fault ride through capability of DFIG wind turbines and the other is to analyse the impact of the DFIG wind farm on transient stability of power systems.     

Handgrip and Box Tilting Strategies in Handling: Effect on Stability and Trunk and Knee Efforts

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of four handgrip/box tilting strategies (right, left, backward, and no tilt of the box) on trunk and knee efforts, body posture, and the stability of 14 participants with limited experience in handling. The tasks consisted of transferring a low-lying box placed in front of the participant to a shelf of the same height at the participant’s left. It was hypothesized that tilting the box could reduce trunk and knee efforts as well as body asymmetry and improve stability. A tridimensional dynamic rigid body model was used to estimate the triaxial net muscular moment magnitudes at the trunk (L5/SI) and at the knees. An approach to quantify the participants’ dynamic stability was also included. Finally, five angles were computed to characterize body asymmetries. The results showed that tilting the box affected specific trunk efforts, but did not succeed in reducing trunk asymmetric efforts. However, the tilts were executed in a single direction, and it may be possible that combined tilts of the box could help reduce trunk asymmetric efforts. Tilting the box had little effect on knee loadings, and the left tilt strategy reduced participants’ stability. This study showed the importance of considering the position of the box when assessing the risks encountered in asymmetrical handling.     

Effects of ferric oxide on decompositions of methyl ethyl ketone peroxide

Methyl ethyl ketone peroxide (MEKPO) is a widely used initiator for polymerization reaction and hardener in glass-reinforced plastic. However, MEKPO is an unstable reactive chemical and has caused several serious accidents all over the world. This work studied the thermal stability of MEKPO in the presence of ferric oxide as the contaminant through calorimetric and kinetic studies. The calorimetry was performed using Automatic Pressure Tracking Adiabatic Calorimeter (APTAC) to identify the effects of ferric oxide (different concentration) on important reactive hazards such as onset temperature and pressure hazard. Kinetic modeling was then performed to study the kinetics of the runaway reaction and estimate important kinetic parameters. The results indicate that in the low concentration range (<0.3%), ferric oxide has no significant effect on the thermal stability of MEKPO. However, in the high and intermediate concentration range of ferric oxide (i.e., 10%), the negative effect on the thermal stability of MEKPO was observed. This result is in agreement with the kinetic study result that the activation energy and frequency factor decrease dramatically in the high ferric oxide concentration range. The results provide necessary process safety information for the handling of MEKPO and also technical basis for the further study in this area.