广西某赤泥堆场周边土壤重金属污染风险

为考察广西典型赤泥堆场周边农田土壤重金属污染环境风险,采集194个表层土壤样品,运用内梅罗综合指数法、Harkanson潜在生态危害指数法分析重金属污染状况,利用空间插值法、主成分分析法等对8种重金属元素进行源解析.结果表明,除V、Cu,其他元素的平均含量均超过广西区背景值,Cr、Ni、Zn、As、Pb、Co平均含量超过广西区土壤背景值倍数,分别为1.69、1.35、2.45、11.83、4.17、1.95,其中As为首要污染物;农田土壤呈现出"中度"生态风险,As的贡献率高达68%.8种重金属空间分布特征整体有一定相似之处,均在赤泥库东北方向和西南方向浓度较高,而在东南方向整体浓度较低,并非下风向的西北方向,仅Cr在西北角出现明显富集,可能受到赤泥库影响.农田重金属污染源不同,As污染主要受人为因素影响,V、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb、Co主要受到自然成土母质的影响,Cr同时受到成土母质和人为因素的影响.     

中国南方农田养地制度的演变与发展

在田养地制度是耕作制度的重要组成部分．40多年来．我国南方农田生产力能免得到不断提高，是与农田养地制度的不断发展和完善分不开的．本文比较系统和全面地分析、总结了建国以来，我国南方农田土壤耕作制度、农田培肥制度的演变和发展．时指导南方耕作制度的进一步改革、促进南方农业的可持续发展具有重要意义．     

农田生态系统中作物—昆虫—杂草的消长与农业环境

通过水旱作物轮换种植，探索与利用作物—昆虫（害虫和益虫）—杂草三大群落的消长与变迁规律，去发展生产，保持农田生态平衡，优化农业生态环境，最大限度地提高作物产量。     

洞庭湖区退田还湖生态补偿机制

以洞庭湖区退田还湖的生态补偿为例,初步探讨了有关生态补偿的3个基本问题,即补偿支付者和接受者的问题,补偿强度的问题和补偿渠道的问题。     

沈阳市农田土壤农药残留水平

对沈阳市农田（水田、旱田、菜田）土壤中农药残留调查表明，禾大壮、丁草胺、敌百虫、辛硫磷、阿特拉津、乐果、氧化乐果、溴氰菊酯、１６０５残留量测定结果均低于检出限。六六六残留几何平均水平为０．０１１ｍｇ／ｋｇ．ＤＤＴ为０．０３９ｍｇ／ｋｇ；旱田、水田六六六异构体的残留主要是β－ＢＨＣ，ＤＤＴ异构体的残留主要是ｐ，ｐ＇－ＤＤＥ．     

南京市郊区基本农田保护区土壤重金属污染调查

为调查基本农田保护区土壤环境中重金属污染状况，江苏省农业环境监测站于1999年和2001年分别对南京市郊区基本农田土壤环境质量进行了监测，共计布设监测点14个，监项目为镉，铅，砷，汞，铬和pH，结果表明，1999年土壤样品的重金属检出率为97．1％，超标率为5．7％，2001年重金属检出率为100％，超标率为1．4％，1999年土壤样品中超标的重金属元素是镉，超标率为28．6％，2001年超标元素是汞，超标率为7．1％，1999年土壤综合污染指数为1．08，污染等级及污染水平均属轻污染；2001年土壤综合污染指数为0．76，污染等级为警戒线，污染水平达到尚清洁。     

黄河三角洲不同盐碱农田生态系统中氮循环功能菌群研究

采用Illumina Miseq对黄河三角洲盐碱农田5种典型农作物种植体系土壤中的氨氧化(amoA)和反硝化基因(nirS/nirK)进行测序,研究参与其氨氧化和反硝化过程的功能菌群落结构和多样性。结果表明,水稻土壤中的氨氧化和反硝化菌群落结构和多样性与其他4种农田土壤差异显著;土壤电导率、含水率及有效磷是造成群落结构差异的主要因子。另外,对不同作物种植体系中氨氧化和反硝化过程的优势菌研究表明,在大豆和小麦-玉米轮作中,AOB起主要的氨氧化作用,而在水稻土中是AOA;nirS和nirK型反硝化菌在水稻和大豆农田生态系统中起主要的反硝化作用,但是在不同农田生态系统中其优势菌明显不同。     

Knowledge,attitude and behavior of farmers in farmland conservation in China: an application of the structural equation model

We analyzed the relationship between the conservation behavior of farmers and their environmental attitude and knowledge, whilst controlling for exogenous socio-economic factors. We employed the structural equation model with cross-sectional data from 442 farmers from the Guanzhong Plain of China. Results showed that local farmers generally possessed a positive environmental attitude and undertook considerable conservation action. Conservation behavior was directly affected by environmental attitude and indirectly by environmental knowledge (via attitude). Social networks, farm size, land rights, age and incentives were significant exogenous explanatory variables. Thus, understanding the importance of socio-behavioral characteristics, including the environmental attitude and knowledge of farmers, is important for the development of farmland conservation policies. Specifically, farmers in this area were found to significantly depend on each other for information on farmland conservation practices. Thus, role model farmer discussions, dissemination of environmentally friendly techniques via social networks and the rewarding of environmentally friendly behavior among farmers should be used to encourage ongoing restoration endeavors, and thereby help mitigate environmental degradation.     

Study on the Balance of Agricultural Water and Land Resources on Ningxia Plain

Abstract

The article puts forward the process and means of regional water and land balance research, and then from two scenarios which are the balances under natural regulation and human intervention, calculated and analysed the balance between water and land on Ningxia Plain. For the balance under natural regulation named farmland water balance, using farmland water resource balance equation, the research estimated the monthly farmland water balance of 8 major crops for all of the 12 counties on Ningxia Plain in the period of 1960–2001; for the balance under human intervention, the research estimated land-use water balance equation of the counties in 2000, and calculated the balance between land use and water resources including irrigating water of all the 12 counties on Ningxia Plain. Results showed that ①precipitation can not meet the water demand of the crops for growth and development on Ningxia Plain, and water shortage is the primary character of farmland water balance under natural regulation, ②the diversity of water and land balance of different counties is distinctly influenced by the crop structure, water quantity for irrigation and irrigation level. ③Irrigation water could meet the crop water demand on Ningxia Plain in 2000, but there was not much space to expand irrigating cultivated land.     

太湖地区农田土壤中硝态氮垂直运移的规律

用模拟土柱和田间定期采样的方法对太湖地区农田土壤中硝态氮垂直运移规律进行了研究.结果表明,在饱和条件下,硝态氮垂直运移过程的穿透曲线呈现不对称形状和拖尾现象,主要由于土壤中存在着动水和不动水的比例不同和土壤的物理性质所致.在非饱和条件下,硝态氮运移过程的时间明显加长,穿透曲线的峰值增高,优先流不明显,穿透曲线平缓.与硝态氮结合的阳离子价数对硝态氮的垂直运移没有影响.试验区的硝态氮在土壤中的含量随季节的不同而呈现规律性的变化,冬、春季硝态氮在土壤中的含量较高;夏、秋季则较低.地下水中的硝态氮污染现象不显著,主要由于土壤质地黏重,阻碍了硝态氮向地下水中的运移.