Membrane fouling control by ultrasound in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

In this study, ultrasound was used to control the membrane fouling online in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Short-term running experiments were carried out under different operating conditions to explore feasible ultrasonic parameters. The experimental results indicated that when the crossflow velocity was more than 1.0 m/s, membrane fouling could be controlled effectively only by hydrodynamic methods without ultrasound. When ultrasound was applied, an ultrasonic power range of 60–150 W was suitable for the membrane fouling control in the experimental system. The experimental results showed that the membrane fouling was controlled so well that membrane filtration resistance (ΣR) could stay at 5 × 10¹¹ m⁻¹ for more than a week with the crossflow velocity of 0.75 m/s, which equaled the effect of crossflow velocity of more than 1.0 m/s without ultrasound. Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2006, 7(4): 25–29 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

Seed yeast cultivation for salad oil manufacturing wastewater treatment

The mixture of five yeast strains obtained from soil could remove about 85% TOC of oil-rich wastewater in batch test.While the highest MLSS was obtained at an N:C of 1:5,the oil removal decreased with the increase of N:C during yeast sludge cultivation.Ammonium chloride was the best nitrogen source for yeast cultivation from the viewpoint of yeast growth and oil utilizxation.An ammonia concentration of over 1300 mg/L led to mass death of yeast at a pH of 5.The ammonia concentration should be controlled at a level of 1000 mg/L or lower.     

复配絮凝剂的筛选及其在炼油污泥中的应用

通过试验筛选出对炼油污泥处理效果好的复配絮凝剂。试验和现场应用结果表明：使用有机高分子絮凝剂(PAM)分别和无机高分子絮凝剂(PAC)复配处理炼油污泥比单独使用任何一种絮凝剂的处理效果更好，复配絮凝剂具有适应性广、投加量少、浮渣少等优点，处理后的污水可以达到排放标准。     

上海市大气气溶胶中铂元素污染状况调查

为调查上海市大气气溶胶中铂元素的污染状况,用PM10-2型可吸入颗粒物采样器采集了上海市大气气溶胶样品,采样时间分别为2003-12～2005-12.用微波消解密闭系统消解样品,电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定了大气气溶胶中Pt的含量.分析结果表明,同清洁对照点((0.65±0.16)pg·m-3)相比,上海市中心区大气中Pt((1.69±0.93)pg·m-3)的污染是明显的;装有三元催化转化器的汽车尾气中Pt的含量均在100ng·g-1以上,远远高于大气气溶胶样品(人民广场平均值21.7ng·g-1);不同交通密度区Pt含量分析结果表明,Pt含量与交通密度紧密相关,这说明装有三元催化器的汽车尾气是气溶胶中Pt污染的主要来源;此外,上海市大气气溶胶中Pt呈现季节性变化,并受气象条件影响.同世界其它城市相比,上海市气溶胶中铂元素污染程度还较低,但是这种潜在的重金属污染应该引起重视.     

循环式活性污泥法处理污水工艺研究

循环式活性污泥法是通过厌氧装置培养优化的活性污泥,然后在曝气池中进行同步的硝化反硝化过程,从而达到脱氮除磷的效果。     

Toxic metals in sewage sludge-amended soils: has promotion of beneficial use discounted the risks?

Land application of contaminated waste products has been defended as beneficial use by some scientists and regulators, based on the premise that the behavior of any toxins accumulated in soils from this practice is reasonably well understood and will not have detrimental agronomic or environmental impacts into the foreseeable future. In this review, I use the case of toxic metals in sewage sludges applied to agricultural land to illustrate that metal behavior in soils and plant uptake is difficult to generalize because it is strongly dependent on the nature of the metal, sludge, soil properties and crop. Nevertheless, permitted agricultural loadings of toxic metals from sewage sludges are typically regulated using the sole criterion of total metal loading or concentrations in soils. Several critical generalizing assumptions about the behavior of sludge-borne metals in soil-crop systems, built into the US EPA risk assessment for metals, have tended to underestimate risks and are shown not to be well justified by published research. It is argued that, in the absence of a basic understanding of metal behavior in each specific situation, a more precautionary approach to toxic metal additions to soils is warranted.     

氯化钠抑制下乙酸厌氧降解的动力学模型

作者利用五个实验室规模的完全混合反应器进行较长时间的半连续培养,研究在氯化钠抑制下乙酸盐的厌氧降解。结果表明,在不同条件下运行的反应器内,存在优势菌群的显著差异,因此在不同条件下运行的反应器对抑制有不同的响应。作者引入抑制因子的概念,建立了在氯化钠抑制下乙酸厌氧降解的动力学模型。同时指出反应器运行条件与菌群组成的联系以及菌群组成的差别对反应器运行状况的影响,在废水生物处理的动力学模型研究中应给予足够的重视。     

机械强化污泥回流式一体化活性污泥法的运行机理研究

活性污泥通过机械搅拌强化污泥内循环回流,提高了污泥的活性,并且使污泥浓度可达到4.5kg/m3,用该机械强化污泥回流式一体化活性污泥法处理小区生活污水,当水力停留时间为3h,溶解氧为2.2mg/L,机械搅拌速度为250r/min时,CODcr、氨氮去除率均可达到83% 以上,出水达到国家污水排放一级标准.该一体化活性污泥法简单易行,运行成本低,投资小,操作维护方便,是生活小区生活污水适宜的处理工艺技术.     

A／O-化学除磷工艺中DMBR动态膜成膜条件研究

根据动态膜原理，将0．1mm孔径无纺布为膜材的动态膜反应器（Dynamic Membrane BioReactor，DMBR）应用于A／O-化学除磷工艺之中，在动态膜反应器内完成泥水分离。试验测试了曝气强度、初始膜通量和污泥浓度对动态膜成膜的影响。结果表明，曝气强度和初始膜通量是影响成膜的关键性参数。当曝气强度≥60m^3／m^2·h或初始膜通量≥70L／m^2·h，2h内均不能形成截留性能良好的动态膜。在VSS／SS较低的污泥系统中，适宜的成膜条件为：曝气强度≤40m^3／m^2·h；初始膜通量≤40L/m^2·h。     

膜生物反应器处理印染废水技术研究

采用小试规模(148L/d)的厌氧-好氧膜生物反应器处理印染废水.当水力停留时间为14小时,进水COD、色度分别为208.54～2592.00mg/l、32～256倍,通过水解酸化-体式膜生物反应器试验,系统对COD、色度的去除率分别达到了80%～90%、87.5%.出水水质浓度或指标分别为21.80～363.20mg/l、8倍,具有良好的处理效果.厌氧-好氧膜生物反应器工艺处理印染废水技术可行、操作简单、易于管理、可为工业规模应用提供技术参考.