化学除磷条件下蚯蚓生态滤池污泥性质的试验研究

概述了蚯蚓生态滤池的研究进展,介绍了蚯蚓生态滤池化学除磷的工艺流程和设备参数;由试验得出氯化铁（FeCl3·6H2O）是蚯蚓生态滤池化学除磷的合适药剂,并确定最经济投加量为50mg／L;在此条件下,研究了化学除磷小试滤池产生的污泥性质,包括污泥产率的变化、重金属含量、污泥的脱水性能、污泥的稳定化程度以及污泥的最终处置方法。     

湿法消解-原子荧光光谱法同时测定地表水中的砷和汞

为提高检测效率、降低检测成本、提高检测的准确性,采用硝酸消解水样,断续流动进样,在KBH_4-酸体系中、最佳的仪器试验条件下,用原子荧光光谱法同时测定地表水中的砷和汞。实验结果表明:砷、汞检出限分别为0.109、0.0026μg/L,线性范围分别为0～40μg/L和0～2μg/L,精密度都是1.4%,加标回收率分别为93.5%～107%和96.0%～104%。表明该检测方法检出限低、干扰性小、精密度高、测定结果稳定,能够满足地表水中砷和汞同时测定要求。     

Nonylphenol in the environment: a critical review on occurrence, fate, toxicity and treatment in wastewaters

Nonylphenol is a toxic xenobiotic compound classified as an endocrine disrupter capable of interfering with the hormonal system of numerous organisms. It originates principally from the degradation of nonylphenol ethoxylates which are widely used as industrial surfactants. Nonylphenol ethoxylates reach sewage treatment works in substantial quantities where they biodegrade into several by-products including nonylphenol. Due to its physical-chemical characteristics, such as low solubility and high hydrophobicity, nonylphenol accumulates in environmental compartments that are characterised by high organic content, typically sewage sludge and river sediments, where it persists. The occurrence of nonylphenol in the environment is clearly correlated with anthropogenic activities such as wastewater treatment, landfilling and sewage sludge recycling. Nonylphenol is found often in matrices such as sewage sludge, effluents from sewage treatment works, river water and sediments, soil and groundwater. The impacts of nonylphenol in the environment include feminization of aquatic organisms, decrease in male fertility and the survival of juveniles at concentrations as low as 8.2 mug/l. Due to the harmful effects of the degradation products of nonylphenol ethoxylates in the environment, the use and production of such compounds have been banned in EU countries and strictly monitored in many other countries such as Canada and Japan. Although it has been shown that the concentration of nonylphenol in the environment is decreasing, it is still found at concentrations of 4.1 mug/l in river waters and 1 mg/kg in sediments. Nonylphenol has been referred to in the list of priority substances in the Water Frame Directive and in the 3rd draft Working Document on Sludge of the EU. Consequently there is currently a concern within some industries about the possibility of future regulations that may impose the removal of trace contaminants from contaminated effluents. The significance of upgrading sewage treatment works with advanced treatment technologies for removal of trace contaminants is discussed.     

Mechanical performance and capillary water absorption of sewage sludge ash concrete (SSAC)

Disposal of sewage sludge from waste water treatment plants is a serious environmental problem of increasing magnitude. Waste water treatment generates as much as 70 g of dry solids per capita per day. Although one of the disposal solutions for this waste is through incineration, still almost 30% of sludge solids remain as ash. This paper presents results related to reuse of sewage sludge ash in concrete. The sludge was characterised for chemical composition (X-ray flourescence analysis), crystalline phases (X-ray diffraction analysis) and pozzolanic activity. The effects of incineration on crystal phases of the dry sludge were investigated. Two water/cement (W/C) ratios (0.55 and 0.45) and three sludge ash percentages (5%, 10% and 20%) per cement mass were used as filler. The mechanical performance of sewage sludge ash concrete (SSAC) at different curing ages (3, 7, 28 and 90 days) was assessed by means of mechanical tests and capillary water absorption. Results show that sewage sludge ash leads to a reduction in density and mechanical strength and to an increase in capillary water absorption. Results also show that SSAC with 20% of sewage sludge ash and W/C = 0.45 has a 28 day compressive strength of almost 30 MPa. SSAC with a sludge ash contents of 5% and 10% has the same capillary water absorption coefficient as the control concrete; as for the concrete mixtures with 20% sludge ash content, the capillary water absorption is higher but in line with C20/25 strength class concretes performance.     

腐殖酸-重金属对ANAMMOX菌脱氮性能的影响及其动力学分析

通过批次实验研究了两种典型重金属离子[Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）]与腐殖酸对厌氧氨氧化（ANAMMOX）脱氮效果（SAA）的影响并进行了动力学模型分析,同时探讨了腐殖酸-重金属对ANAMMOX脱氮的影响.结果表明,在投加ρ[Cu（Ⅱ）]和ρ[Ni（Ⅱ）]均为3mg·L^-1时,对ANAMMOX有促进作用,SAA分别提高了8.64%和7.78%;当ρ[Cu（Ⅱ）]和ρ[Ni（Ⅱ）]分别为20mg·L^-1和5mg·L^-1时则对ANAMMOX有抑制作用,抑制效果随重金属离子浓度增加而越发显著,指数拟合表明Cu（Ⅱ）和Ni（Ⅱ）对ANAMMOX的IC50分别为29.67mg·L^-1和28.75mg·L^-1.在投加ρ（腐殖酸）为1mg·L^-1时SAA提高了7.37%, 40mg·L^-1时抑制率即达到36.80%,线性拟合表明腐殖酸对ANAMMOX菌的IC50为58.36mg·L^-1.修正的Michaelis-Menten模型能较...     

稻田微氧层和还原层土壤有机碳矿化对氮素添加的响应

田间条件下,淹水稻田由于上覆水中溶解氧的扩散作用,使其表层土壤存在约1 cm厚的微氧层,这个特殊层次中碳氮转化的特征尚未明晰.以亚热带典型稻田土壤为对象,采用100 d室内模拟培养试验,结合¹³C稳定同位素示踪和磷脂脂肪酸(PLFA)分析技术,研究稻田土壤微氧层(0～1 cm)和还原层(1～5 cm)外源新鲜有机碳(¹³C-水稻秸秆)和原有土壤有机碳矿化对氮肥施用[(NH₄)₂SO₄]的响应规律及其微生物过程.结果表明,氮素添加使土壤总CO₂和¹³C-CO₂累积排放量分别提高11.4%和12.3%;培养结束时,氮素添加下还原层比微氧层土壤总有机碳含量和¹³C回收率分别降低2.4%和9.2%.培养前期(5 d),氮素添加提高还原层微生物总PLFAs,且细菌和真菌PLFAs响应一致,但对微氧层微生物丰度无显著影响;氮素添加对微氧层和还原层总¹³C-PLFAs丰度均无显著影响...     

缺氧MBBR耦合部分厌氧氨氧化强化城市生活污水深度脱氮

缺氧MBBR是强化传统城市污水处理系统脱氮的一种方法,本研究通过向城市污水后置反硝化SBR中投加填料构建了缺氧双污泥系统,实现了城市生活污水部分厌氧氨氧化深度脱氮.在250d的运行中脱氮性能逐渐提高并实现稳定,出水总氮在5 mg·L~(-1)左右. 211～250 d的平均硝氮、氨氮和总氮去除率分别为(97. 7±2. 9)%、(93. 3±2. 9)%和(94. 3±2. 7)%.长期运行中观测到氨氮和硝氮的同步去除.针对氨氮去除途径进行分析,系统同化、硝化作用微弱.缺氧MBBR中存在厌氧氨氧化活性且对脱氮有不可忽视的作用.实时定量PCR结果进一步说明缺氧MBBR中厌氧氨氧化菌富集,特别是缺氧填料生物膜中厌氧氨氧化菌丰度由初始的4. 37×10~7copies·g~(-1)增长到了2. 28×10~(10)copies·g~(-1).本研究表明缺氧填料生物膜在厌氧氨氧化的富集强化城市污水深度脱氮中或许具有可应用的潜能.     

炼油化工污水处理中活性污泥膨胀原因分析

针对工业废水采用普通活性污泥法处理易出现的丝状菌型污泥膨胀,分析和总结出五种主要膨胀类型:低负荷型、低溶解氧型、营养缺乏型、高硫化物型、pH值不平衡型。对污泥负荷、溶解氧、污水种类、营养成分及pH值和温度的变化等因素对污泥膨胀中菌胶团和丝状菌生长的相互影响进行阐述,给出污泥膨胀理论,并对不同类型的污泥膨胀提出相应的控制方法。     

FND- CASS工艺处理城市污水的试验研究

为进一步提高循环式活性污泥工艺(CASS)的脱氮除磷效果,改变其运行方式,采用好氧脉冲曝气,提出频繁硝化-反硝化循环式活性污泥工艺(FND-CASS).结果表明,FND-CASS工艺与CASS工艺相比,在去除污水中有机物方面能力略有下降,但在脱氮除磷方面具有明显的优势.在同样的进水流量且DO浓度控制较低的运行条件下,F...     

污泥焚烧工艺研究

通过对国内外污泥处置现状的比较,得出污泥焚烧是我国污泥处置的发展趋势的结论.着重论述了污泥单独焚烧和混合燃烧的工艺及技术,指出污泥焚烧过程中的能量以及焚烧产物的资源化出处.