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211.
Chemical forms of Zn, Ni, Cu, and Pb in municipal sewage sludge were investigated by adding humus soil to sludge and by
performing sequential extraction procedures. In the final sludge mixtures, Zn and Ni were mainly found in Fe/Mn oxide-bound (F3) and
organic matter/sulfide-bound (F4) forms. For Zn, exchangeable (F1), carbonate-bound (F2), and F3 forms were transformed to F4 and
residual forms (F5). For Ni, F1 and F2 forms were transformed to F1, F2, and F3 forms. Both Cu and Pb were strongly associated with
the stable forms F4 and F5. For Cu, F2 and F3 forms were major contributors, while for Pb, F3 and F4 forms were major contributors to
F5. Humus soil dosage and pH conditions in the sludge were strongly correlated with the forms of heavy metals. Five forms were used
to evaluate metal mobilities in the initial and final sludge mixtures. The mobilities of the four heavy metals studied decreased after 28
days. The metal mobilities in the final sludge mixtures were ranked in the following order: Ni > Zn > Cu = Pb. Leaching tests showed
that the mobilities of Zn and Ni in lower pH conditions (pH 4) were higher than those in higher pH conditions (pH 8). 相似文献
212.
F. Olcay Topac Sagban 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4):616-623
The possible impacts on nitrogen-cycle in a p-nitrophenol (PNP) polluted soil and the e ectiveness of wastewater sludge amendments
in restoring nitrification potential and urease activity were evaluated by an incubation study. The results indicated that PNP at 250 mg/kg
soil inhibited urease activity, nitrification potential, arginine ammonification rate and heterotrophic bacteria counts to some extents.
After exposure to PNP, the nitrification potential of the tested soil was dramatically reduced to zero over a period of 30 days. Based
on the findings, nitrification potential was postulated as a simple biochemical indicator for PNP pollution in soils. Nitrogen-cycling
processes in soils responded positively to the applications of wastewater sludges. A sludge application rate of 200 tons/ha was su cient
for successful biostimulation of these nitrogen processes. The microbial activities in sludge-amended, heavy PNP-polluted soils seemed
to recover after 30–45 days, indicating the e ectiveness of sludge as a useful soil amendment. 相似文献
213.
Siriprapha Jangkorn Sinchai Kuhakaew Suwapee Theantanoo Harit Klinla-or Tongchai Sriwiriyarat 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(4):587-594
A coagulation-flocculation process is typically employed to treat the industrial wastewater generated by the consumer products
industry manufacturing detergents, soaps, and others. The expenditure of chemicals including coagulants and chemicals for pH
adjustment is costly for treating this wastewater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of reusing the aluminum
sulfate (alum) sludge as a coagulant or as a coagulation aid so that the fresh alum dosage can be minimized or the removal e ciency can
be enhanced. The experiments were conducted in a jar-test apparatus simulating the coagulation-flocculation process for simultaneous
removals of organic matters, anionic surfactants, suspended solids, and turbidity. At the optimum initial pH value of 10 and the fresh
alum concentration of 400 mg/L, the total suspended solids (TSS), total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD), total anionic surfactants,
and turbidity removal e ciencies were 71.5%, 76.4%, 95.4%, and 98.2%, respectively. The addition of alum sludge as a coagulant
alone without any fresh alum addition could significantly remove the turbidity, TCOD, and anionic surfactants. The TSS was left in the
supernatants after the settling period, but would subsequently be removed by adding the fresh alum. The TSS, TCOD, and turbidity
removal e ciencies were also enhanced when both the alum sludge and the fresh alum were employed. The TCOD removal e ciency
over 80% has been accomplished, which has never fulfilled by using the fresh alum alone. It is concluded that the alum sludge could
be reused for the treatment of industrial wastewater generated by the consumer products industry. 相似文献
214.
Pretreatment of thickened waste activated sludge (TWAS) by combined microwave and alkaline pretreatment (MAP) was studied to
improve thermophilic anaerobic digestion efficiency. Uniform design was applied to determine the combination of target temperature
(110–210°C), microwave holding time (1–51 min), and NaOH dose (0–2.5 g NaOH/g suspended solids (SS)) in terms of their effect
on volatile suspended solids (VSS) solubilization. Maximum solubilization ratio (85.1%) of VSS was observed at 210°C with 0.2
g-NaOH/g-SS and 35 min holding time. The effects of 12 different pretreatment methods were investigated in 28 thermophilic batch
reactors by monitoring cumulative methane production (CMP). Improvements in methane production in the TWAS were directly related
to the microwave and alkaline pretreatment of the sludge. The highest CMP was a 27% improvement over the control. In spite of the
increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand concentration and the decrease in dewaterability of digested sludge, a semi-continuous
thermophilic reactor fed with pretreated TWAS without neutralization (at 170°C with 1 min holding time and 0.05 g NaOH/g SS)
was stable and functioned well, with volatile solid (VS) and total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) reductions of 28% and 18%,
respectively, which were higher than those of the control system. Additionally, methane yields (L@STP/g-CODadded, at standard
temperature and pressure (STP) conditions of 0°C and 101.325 kPa) and (L@STP/g VSadded) increased by 17% and 13%, respectively,
compared to the control reactor. 相似文献
215.
Comparative study of heavy metal and pathogenic bacterial contamination in
sludge and manure in biogas and non-biogas swine farms 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Phitsanu Tulayakul Alongkot Boonsoongnern Suwicha Kasemsuwan Srisamai Wiriyaramp Juree Pankumnoe Suwanna Tippayaluck Hathairad Hananantachai RatchaneekornMingkhwan Ramnaree Netvichian Sutha Khaodhiar 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2011,23(6):991-997
The objective of this study is to determine and compare the heavy metal (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) and bacterial (E. coli, coliform and
Salmonella spp.) contamination between swine farms utilizing biogas and non-biogas systems in the central part of Thailand. Results
showed that average levels of E. coli, coliform, BOD, COD, Zn, Cu and Pb in sludge from the post-biogas pond were higher than the
standard limits. Moreover, the levels of E. coli, coliform, Cd and Pb were also higher than the standard limits for dry manure. The levels
of E. coli, coliform and BOD on biogas farms were lower than on non-biogas farms. Following isolation of Salmonella spp:; it was
found that Salmonella serovars Rissen was the most abundant at 18.46% (12/65), followed by Anatum 12.31% (8/65), and Kedougou
9.23% (6/65). The pathogenic strains of Salmonella serovars Paratyphi B var. java and Typhimurium were present in equal amounts at
4.62% (3/65) in samples from all swine farms. This study revealed that significant reduction in E. coli and coliform levels in sludge
from covered lagoon biogas systems on swine farms. The presence of Salmonella as well as Cd and Pb, in significant amount in dry
manure, suggests that there is a high probability of environmental contamination if it is used for agricultural purposes. Thus, careful
waste and manure disposal from swine farms and the regular monitoring of wastewater is strongly recommended to ensure the safety
of humans, other animals and the environment. 相似文献
216.
217.
市政污泥半干化-焚烧一体化对环境影响的评价 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
随着市政污水处理厂的不断增加,城市污泥大幅增长,污泥半干化-焚烧一体化是污泥无害化、减量化和资源化的有效途径之一,通过计算污泥半干化-焚烧过程中物料平衡和热量平衡,同时对排放物进行分析,从而评价市政污泥处理对生态环境的影响,研究的结果表明:每处理100t湿污泥,需要掺烧4.89t无烟煤,在焚烧的过程中,在没有净化工艺的... 相似文献
218.
219.
利用实验室培养的活性污泥吸附絮凝预处理中纤板废水中的悬浮物和有机物。研究结果表明,当污泥投加量为6~9 g/L,废水pH值为6,吸附絮凝时间为30 min,沉淀时间为30 min时,处理效果最好,对废水中SS,COD和SCOD的去除率分别为29%,24%和17%左右。该方法为含高悬浮物、高有机物工业废水的预处理开辟了新途径。 相似文献
220.