Test of membrane bioreactor for waste water treatment in a petrochemical complex

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) used in water and waste water treatment is a developing technique for water pollution control and water reuse. This paper describes a membrane-bioreactor for treatment of waste water in a petrochemical complex. The experimental MBR was a lab scale one composed of an activated sludge bioreactor unit and an ultrafiltration membrane unit. The relationship of COD removal with MLSS and HRT in this MBR was studied. The effects of crossflow velocity, backwash interval and volume of flush liquid on the flux were discussed. The results showed that average removal of COD, oil, SS and turbidity in petrochemical waste water by the MBR was 91%, 86%, 92% and 99% respectively. The average removal of NH₃-N and total phosphorous was 85% and 82%. A coefficient of COD removal, k, was 0.017-0.080 L/(mg.d). The membrane flux maintained higher than 60 L/hm2 bar for 34 days without chemical cleaning when the velocity of crossflow was 3.5-3.9 m/s and the backwash interval was 30 minutes and backwash duration at 20 seconds. The results indicated that it is feasible for MBR technology to be used in petrochemical waste water treatment. The treated water could be considered as a source used to make up water for industrial cooling system or to be reused for other purposes.     

SBR处理废水中的污泥膨胀与控制

通过土豆食品加工废水处理的工程实例 ,指出在处理易生物降解和溶解性有机废水的SBR系统中 ,采用较高负荷运行会发生溶解氧偏低而造成的污泥膨胀。探讨了污泥膨胀的原因 ,并详细介绍了控制膨胀的措施     

The influence of sewage sludge properties on sludge-borne metal availability

With the advent of more stringent controls on wastewater treatment, sewage sludge production in Europe and many parts of the world is increasing. With this increase comes the problem of sludge disposal, and recycling to land arguably offers an economically and environmentally sustainable option. However, a major limitation of sewage sludge reuse is the potential release of heavy metals from the sludge and heavy metal accumulation to toxic levels in topsoils. The properties of the sludge play a crucial role in determining the initial release and subsequent availability of heavy metals in amended soils. Bioavailable forms of heavy metals in recently amended soils are most likely to be those that are bioavailable in the sewage sludge. In this paper, published research on the importance of sewage sludge characteristics on metal release and bioavailability will be reviewed and contrasted with original research. A selection of sludges from around Australia has been collected for this purpose. Through the use of incubation studies, isotope dilution techniques, ion-selective electrode measurements and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, the importance of a range of sludge properties on heavy metal behaviour in sludges and sludge-amended soils is addressed.     

生物膜填料塔处理浓度有机废气的工业应用试验研究

工业应用试验研究表明，生物膜填料塔处理工业有机废气是可行的，当运行条件控制适当时，净化效率可保持在90％以上，能够实现达标排放，这一成果填补了我国环保工业技术领域的空白，工程技术上接近现阶段国外的技术研究水平。     

未熟-低熟烃源岩的有机岩石学特征

采用全岩光片镜鉴和显微荧光分析方法 ,对我国不同地区 5 0 0余块未熟 低熟烃源岩样品进行了系统的有机岩石学研究。未熟 低熟烃源岩显微组分组成具有显著的非均质性 ,不同地区显示出陆源组分与水生生源组分不同的“配比”关系 ,反映出其有机质组成的复杂性 ,并确认藻类体、孢子体、树脂体、木栓质体、壳屑体和矿物沥青基质等组分是其最常见的生烃组分。基于对镜质组反射率Ro和孢子体荧光变化等演化指标特征的分析 ,认为未熟 低熟烃源岩有机质早期热演化具有明显的阶段性 ,一般都表现为“二段式”变化 ,其变化界限大致以Ro等于 0 .5 0 %～ 0 .5 5 %为界。     

铜离子冲击下活性污泥微生物多样性的分子生态学分析

采用基于 16SrDNA序列分析方法 ,在长度多态 (LPM)和 16SrDNA的GC含量二维水平分析了受重金属污染的活性污泥系统内细菌的优势种类和多样性 .设计的PCR引物可以将细菌分为三大类 :即 1)proteobacterialα&δ(变形杆菌α&δ) ,2 )pro teobacterialβ&γ(变形杆菌 β&γ) ,以及 3)flexibacter(屈桡杆菌 )和革兰氏阳性菌 .分析了未受重金属驯化和受重金属驯化的两类活性污泥系统在重金属作用下优势种和多样性的变化 ,结果显示未驯化的活性污泥系统多样性减少但优势种的变化微小 ,而驯化系统优势种有较大的变化 ,但多样性基本不变 .这一结果证实驯化有助于提高微生物对重金属的抗性     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

城市污水处理厂污泥沉降影响因素研究

研究总结了目前城市污水处理厂污泥沉降影响的因素，概括总结了pH值、溶解氧、温度、盐度等环境因素以及磁场等外部环境因素对不同性状污泥的沉降影响。为污泥沉降脱水最佳条件提供了研究思路，也为污泥后续机械脱水提供了基础。     

丁基锡化合物在水体悬浮颗粒物上的吸附行为研究

将海河河口表层底泥制成悬浮颗粒物（ＳＰＭ），采用批量平衡法首次研究了模拟河口条件下三丁基锡（ＴＢＴ）和二丁基锡（ＤＢＴ）在该ＳＰＭ上的吸附行为．结果表明，ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ均能在ＳＰＭ上发生吸附，尤以ＴＢＴ更为显著．吸附速率可用Ｋｕｏ和Ｌａｋｅ的经验公式描述；吸附过程受ＳＰＭ的浓度及ＴＯＣ含量、ｐＨ值、温度、腐殖酸浓度和盐度影响．实际河口水样中的ＳＰＭ对ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ的吸附百分率也较高，因此ＳＰＭ是ＴＢＴ和ＤＢＴ归趋的重要场所，去除ＳＰＭ可使水体得到一定净化．     

无剩余污泥接触氧化法处理漂染废水的探讨

对漂染废水的处理，虽能做到达标排放，但其剩余污泥的生成量也过多，该文以上海信泰纺织品有限公司无剩余污泥接触氧化法处理漂染废水的实例，表明了既可提高污染物去除率，又能节省投资和运转费用，通过两年的运行实践，证明效果良好，在对酸化反应器的设计和有效控制方面，以及氧化反应器与酸化反应器的运行管理等方面也进行了探讨。