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101.
102.
103.
Mechanical Properties with the Functional Group of Additives for Starch/PVA Blend Film 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper deals with the mechanical properties and degree of swelling (DS) of starch/PVA blend film with the functional groups
i.e., hydroxyl and carboxyl group, of additives. Starch/PVA blend films were prepared by using the mixing process. Glycerol
(GL) with 3 hydroxyl group, sorbitol (SO) with 6 hydroxyl group, succinic acid (SA) with 2 carboxyl group, malic acid (MA)
with 1 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group, tartaric acid (TA) with 2 hydroxyl and 2 carboxyl group and citric acid (CA) with 1
hydroxyl and 3 carboxyl group were used as additives. The results of measured tensile strength (TS) and elongation (%E) verified
that both hydroxyl and carboxyl group as a functional groups increased the flexibility and strength of the film. Values of
DS for GL-added and SA-added films were low. However, DS values of the films added MA, TA or CA with both hydroxyl and carboxyl
group were comparatively high. When the film was dried at low temperature, the properties of the films were evidently improved.
The reason is probably because the hydrogen bonding was activated at low temperature. 相似文献
104.
含油污泥固化处理后油的迁移研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
利用紫外分光光度计和索氏抽提器,研究了温度、土壤含水率以及水泥与污泥的不同比例等因素在不同时间对含油污泥固化后油迁移的影响。试验结果表明:对于强度为3.84MPa的污泥固化块,油的迁移量从240h迁移6.8mg变为480h迁移178mg,之后变化较小。在20℃~30℃时,随着温度的增加,迁移量从6.8mg增加到20.6mg,超过30℃以后迁移量的增幅变小。水泥与污泥的比例从1∶0.8增加到1∶1.4,油的迁移量从256mg降到27.2mg,之后未检测到。960h后,迁移量达到348mg,此时土壤中油含量为1.16%,在环境的自净作用下,土壤能完全容纳;强度大于9.56MPa时未检测到油。这表明用固化法处理油田含油污泥是安全可靠的。 相似文献
105.
Nugraha E. Suyatma Alain Copinet Lan Tighzert Veronique Coma 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2004,12(1):1-6
Biodegradable film blends of chitosan with poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were prepared by solution mixing and film casting. The main goal of these blends is to improve the water vapor barrier of chitosan by blending it with a hydrophobic biodegradable polymer from renewable resources. Mechanical properties of obtained films were assessed by tensile test. Thermal properties, water barrier properties, and water sensitivity were studied by differential scanning calorimeter analysis, water vapor permeability measurements, and surface-angle contact tests, respectively. The incorporation of PLA to chitosan improved the water barrier properties and decreased the water sensitivity of chitosan film. However, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of chitosan decreased with the addition of PLA. Mechanical and thermal properties revealed that chitosan and PLA blends are incompatible, consistent with the results of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis that showed the absence of specific interaction between chitosan and PLA. 相似文献
106.
将石灰混凝处理后的沉淀泥渣进行回流,对石灰混凝法进行改进,研究改进后的石灰混凝法对城市污水二级出水中有机物的去除效果。结果表明,活性泥渣回流有利于提高石灰混凝法对城市污水二级出水中有机物的去除。回流位置在石灰投加前、复合絮凝剂投加后,最佳回流量为新泥渣产生量的100%~200%,活性泥渣回流的最佳pH为11.0~11.5;活性泥渣中CaCO3、Mg(OH)2、Fe(OH)3等沉淀物以及有机高分子絮体均有助于提高其对有机物的去除效果,其中Mg(OH)2沉淀物起主导作用;含循环泥渣的活性污泥回流,对有机物的去除效果无明显影响。 相似文献
107.
Magdalena Svanstrm Morgan Frling Michael Modell William A. Peters Jefferson Tester 《Resources, Conservation and Recycling》2004,41(4):573
Environmental aspects of using supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) to treat sewage sludge were studied using a life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology. The system studied is the first commercial scale SCWO plant for sewage sludge in the world, treating sludge from the municipal wastewater treatment facility in Harlingen, TX, USA. The environmental impacts were evaluated using three specific environmental attributes: global warming potential (GWP), photo-oxidant creation potential (POCP) and resource depletion; as well as two single point indicators: EPS2000 and EcoIndicator99. The LCA results show that for the described process, gas-fired preheating of the sludge is the major contributor to environmental impacts, and emissions from generating electricity for pumping and for oxygen production are also important. Overall, SCWO processing of undigested sewage sludge is an environmentally attractive technology, particularly when heat is recovered from the process. Energy-conserving measures and recovery of excess oxygen from the SCWO process should be considered for improving the sustainability potential. 相似文献
108.
在对气田废水处理中产生的污泥进行处理时,普遍存在着干化周期长、含水率高等问题,严重影响了废水处理装置的处理能力。脱水剂优化选择实验以及污泥脱水性能实验结果表明:先加入聚合氯化铝并搅拌15 s,再加入阴离子聚丙烯酰胺并搅拌混合30 s,最后加入FO4190SH搅拌,混合凝聚30 s后静止分层,其凝聚效果较好。在污泥脱水性能的各项指标中,真空脱水均好于重力脱水,特别是对于新鲜污泥滤层,真空(45 kPa)脱水速度比重力脱水速度约高8倍。 相似文献
109.
110.
Assessment of Soil Erodibility Indices for Conservation Reserve Program Lands in Southwestern Kansas Using Satellite Imagery and GIS Techniques 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
The soil erodibility index (EI) of Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) lands, which was the major criterion for CRP enrollment,
was assessed for six counties in southwestern Kansas using USGS seamless digital elevation model data and Geographical Informational
System techniques. The proportion of land areas with EI values of 8 or lower was less than 1% of the entire study area and
most of the land areas (72.5%) were concentrated on EI values between 8 and 24. Although land acreage with EI values of 24
or higher decreased dramatically, the proportion of CRP lands to the other land-use types did not change much from low to
high EI levels. The soil EI and physical soil characteristics of the CRP lands were compared to those of other land-use types.
In general, the mean EI values of the land-use types were strongly correlated with physical soil properties, including organic
matter content, clay content, available water capacity, permeability, and texture. CRP lands were compared in detail with
cropland in terms of their soil characteristics to infer the pivotal cause of the land transformation. Although there was
no significant statistical difference in EI between cropland and CRP soils, soil texture, soil family, and permeability were
statistically different between the two. Statistical analyses of these three variables showed that CRP soils had coarser texture
and higher permeability on average than cropland soils, indicating that CRP lands in the study area are drier than cropland
soils. Therefore, soil moisture characteristics, not necessarily soil erosion potential, might have been the key factor for
CRP enrollment in the study area. 相似文献