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991.
在低温条件下,采用缺氧/厌氧UASB-SBR组合工艺处理实际垃圾填埋场渗滤液.结果表明,该工艺可实现有机物和氮的同步、深度去除.在进水COD平均为11950.2mg/L,NH4+-N为982.7mg/L的条件下,出水分别为390.1mg/L和2.9mg/L,去除率分别为96.7%和99.7%.同时,缺氧UASB1反应器的最大COD负荷达到13kg/(m3×d),最大COD去除速率为12.39 kg/(m3×d),具有高效缺氧反硝化和高效厌氧降解有机物反应的双重功效, 在SBR反应器的缺氧段和缺氧UASB,反应器内获得了99%以上的反硝化率.对于冬季水温分别为14.9,14.1,13.5,11.05℃的低温条件下,SBR反应器实现了完全硝化和反硝化,出水TN分别为4.1,5.7,14.1,16.5mg/L,达到了深度脱氮的目的.此外,在上述温度范围内,温度对反硝化速率(rN)的影响大于对硝化速率 (rDN)的影响, rN/rDN比值相对恒定. 相似文献
992.
上海崇明县植被覆盖度动态变化遥感监测研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
植被覆盖度是用于描述和评价生态系统的重要参数。基于1989、2001、2006年的TM/ETM+遥感数据,以上海市崇明县为研究区域,利用改进的像元二分模型,估算出不同时期内崇明县的植被覆盖度,并对其变化进行了定量分析。结果表明:1989-2001年,植被覆盖度负向变化地表约10.17%,正向变化约20.58%,乡镇和湿地区域正向变化的面积大于负向变化,农场区域则相反;2001-2006年,负向变化约29.1%,正向变化约12%,农场和湿地区域正向变化的面积大于负向变化,乡镇区域则相反,并且随着城市化进程的深入,各土地用地类型的植被覆盖度变化在一定程度上都呈现出生态退化的趋势。 相似文献
993.
采用PCR-RFLP技术研究了不同C/N比下亚硝酸盐氧化菌及异养菌混合体系的微牛物多样性,并探讨了微生物菌群结构与其功能(硝化件能)的关系.C/N=0时,混合体系主要由自养菌和寡营养菌(85.1%)组成,包括亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)、拟杆菌门、α-变形菌纲、浮霉菌门和绿色非硫细菌中的一些菌株.C/N=0.44时,混合体系中的自养菌减少,异养菌(主要是γ-变形菌纲的成员)大量出现.C/N=8.82时,γ-变形菌纲的菌株尤其是反硝化菌Pseudomonas sp.占主导(93.8%),与此同时,随着C/N升高,该混合体系的硝化性能也由专一的亚硝酸盐氧化过程转变为同时硝化反硝化过程.微生物菌群结构的转变较好地解释了其硝化性能的改变.本研究揭示了微生物菌群结构与其功能的内在联系,同时表明PCR-RFLP技术与化学分析相结合是研究微生物菌群结构与功能的有力工具.图3表2参13 相似文献
994.
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996.
计算机硬盘驱动器的振动安全性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
刘蕴络 《中国安全科学学报》2001,11(1):49-53
硬盘驱动器是计算机重要的外存储设备。它对随机振动环境较为敏感 ,是控制计算机系统工作安全性和进行信息处理的薄弱环节之一。笔者对计算机硬盘驱动器在随机振动环境下的工作安全性进行了分析 ,提出了导致硬盘工作失效的基本形式 ,针对读写过程中头盘振动响应位置偏移与读写模式间的关系给出了硬盘工作失效的判定方法。有关结果对计算机系统的振动安全分析和评估是有益的探讨。 相似文献
997.
998.
Thomas C. Pagano Holly C. Hartmann Soroosh Sorooshian 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(5):1139-1153
ABSTRACT: Unrelenting pressure on limited surface water supplies requires increasingly sophisticated water management approaches. Climate forecasts of seasonal precipitation and temperature are potentially useful, but the operational water management community currently underutilizes them. However, some agencies in Arizona took unprecedented advantage of forecasts for a potentially wet winter during the 1997–1998 El Niño event. This study investigates use of this information through a series of semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with key personnel from agencies responsible for emergency management and water supply; their jurisdictions ranged from urban to rural and local to regional. Interviews investigated information acquisition, interpretation, and incorporation into specific decisions and actions. While unprecedented actions were taken by some water management agencies and no agencies implemented inappropriate measures, some missed opportunities for more effective response, primarily through inaction. This study reveals a variety of technical factors and institutional characteristics affecting forecast use. Study findings emphasize the need for: (a) closer ongoing relationships between forecast producers and users, (b) increased institutional flexibility to exploit the increasing skill of seasonal climate forecasts, (c) demonstration projects of effective forecast use, and (d) a regional forum to facilitate information transfer between the hydro‐climatic research community and operational water managers. 相似文献
999.
Mark C. Stone Rollin H. Hotchkiss Carter M. Hubbard Thomas A. Fontaine Linda O. Mearns Jeff G. Arnold 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(5):1119-1129
ABSTRACT: Water from the Missouri River Basin is used for multiple purposes. The climatic change of doubling the atmospheric carbon dioxide may produce dramatic water yield changes across the basin. Estimated changes in basin water yield from doubled CO2 climate were simulated using a Regional Climate Model (RegCM) and a physically based rainfall‐runoff model. RegCM output from a five‐year, equilibrium climate simulation at twice present CO2 levels was compared to a similar present‐day climate run to extract monthly changes in meteorologic variables needed by the hydrologic model. These changes, simulated on a 50‐km grid, were matched at a commensurate scale to the 310 subbasin in the rainfall‐runoff model climate change impact analysis. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) rainfall‐runoff model was used in this study. The climate changes were applied to the 1965 to 1989 historic period. Overall water yield at the mouth of the Basin decreased by 10 to 20 percent during spring and summer months, but increased during fall and winter. Yields generally decreased in the southern portions of the basin but increased in the northern reaches. Northern subbasin yields increased up to 80 percent: equivalent to 1.3 cm of runoff on an annual basis. 相似文献
1000.
Kristin Bunte Steven R. Abt 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(4):1001-1014
ABSTRACT: Improved sampling techniques are needed to increase the accuracy of pebble‐count particle‐size distributions used for stream studies in gravel‐bed streams. However, pebble counts are prone to operator errors introduced through subjective particle selection, serial correlation, and inaccurate particle‐size measurements. Errors in particle‐size measurements can be minimized by using a gravel template. Operator influence on particle selection can be minimized by using a sampling frame, 60 by 60 cm, in which sampling points are identified by the cross points of thin elastic bands. Serial correlation can be minimized by adjusting the spacing between the cross points and setting it equal to the dominant large particle size (=D95). In a field test in a cobble‐bed stream, the sampling frame developed in this study produced slightly coarser size distributions, particularly in the cobble range, than the traditional heel‐to‐toe walk that selects particles with a blind touch at the tip of the boot. The sampling frame produced more similar sampling results between two operators than heel‐to‐toe walks. The difference between the two sampling methods is attributed to an unbiased selection of fine and coarse particles when using the sampling frame. 相似文献