南李庄铁矿富含水段施工技术研究

大水基建矿山的井筒掘砌是一项艰巨的工程,尤其富含水且岩层松软破碎段更给施工带来了很多危险和不确定因素。怎样保证工程顺利进行,成为基建矿山面临的一个主要问题。国控矿业南李庄铁矿下掘至岩层破碎富含水段时,采用长探长注及超前小导管注浆的施工技术顺利通过此段。此施工技术确定了探注孔数及其布置,探注深度和下掘深度,注浆参数的控制,注浆过程控制,超前小导管施工的各项参数,小导管的加固方法等。通过长探长注及小导管的施工保证了下掘工作的顺利进行。     

湿式高效除尘脱硫装置的试验研究

本文介绍了一种高效除尘脱硫装置三相流化床的性能和原理，并对三相流化床除尘脱硫工业中试系统的试验结果进行了分析。试验表明三相流化床除尘效率可达９５６脱硫效率达７０％，运行安全可靠。     

基于遥感方法的小流域土壤侵蚀研究

探讨了利用遥感技术进行小流域土壤侵蚀计算的方法。应用通用土壤侵蚀方程,借助RS和GIS技术,对模型各参数因子进行精确计算,实现了基于栅格信息的土壤侵蚀计算模型。选择黄河皇甫川五分地沟小流域作为典型研究区,讨论了适宜植被盖度对减小土壤侵蚀模数的影响。     

Ecological Tax Reform: Many Know Why But Few Know How

Ecological tax reform involves the utilisation of the tax system to facilitate sustainable development. The generally accepted approach to ecological tax reform is to reduce tax rates on income and labour and to impose Pigouvian taxes on resource use and pollution emissions. While this approach is a vast improvement on current tax systems, it is an inadequate means of achieving sustainable development because it relies exclusively on the manipulation of market prices – an allocation instrument – when ecological sustainability is a throughput problem that requires a separate policy instrument to be adequately resolved. With the aid of a linear throughput representation of the economic process, it is argued that conventional ecological tax reform measures promote just two of the five behavioural modes put forward to achieve sustainable development. In order to promote all five behavioural modes, it is argued that ecological tax reform is best conducted with the incorporation of tradeable resource use permits and assurance bonds.     

硫酸钡锶垢去除研究

通过定性分析得出某油田现场结垢物质为硫酸钡锶垢;采用沉淀重量法,对几种市售除垢剂与自制新型除垢剂QX进行了除垢效果对比实验。结果表明,除垢剂QX是一种理想的硫酸钡锶垢除垢剂。当QX加量为25mg／L、温度为50℃时除垢24h,除垢率可达95％以上。同时,对除垢剂加量、除垢时间、盐类加入和酸洗等影响因素进行了正交实验研究,表明除垢剂加量是影响除垢率的主要因素,而酸洗和加入盐会阻碍除垢效果。     

Effective Long-term Ecological Monitoring Using Spatially and Temporally Nested Sampling

Effective environmental management requires documentation of ecosystem status and changes to that status. Without long-term data, short-term natural variability can mask chronic and/or cumulative impacts, often until critical levels are reached. However, a trade-off generally occurs between sampling in space and time. This study analyses a spatially and temporally nested long-term (12 years) monitoring programme conducted on benthic macrofauna in a large harbour. Sampling was carried out at six sites for 5.5 years, after which only two sites were sampled for the next 5 years. After this period, all six sites were sampled for another 2 years. While ecology is frequently thought of being highly variable, this design was able to detect trends, and cycles, in abundance, with only around 10% of species at each site exhibiting unpredictable temporal variability. Sites exhibiting similar trends in the abundance of a species over the 12.5-year period were generally spatially contiguous, and the spatial scale of change could be assessed. Continuous sampling at two sites identified whether changes in unsampled sites were related to long-term cycles. Moreover, this sampling provided a long-term background of temporal fluctuations against which to assess the ecological significance of observed changes.     

论品牌与规模效益的关系

通过定量与定性分析相结合的方式，从品牌的评价要素美誉度和知名度入手，分析了规模效益的类型对品牌大小的制约，力求揭示品牌与规模效益的关系．     

Biogeochemistry and cycling of zinc and copper in a dyked seasonally flooded savanna

There is very little information on the cycling of heavy metals in natural savannas. Venezuelan flooded savannas are characterised by acid soils with redox conditions which might induce Zn and Cu solubilisation. In those flooded savannas a network of small dykes has been constructed to control floods. The biomass accretion after dyking and the abundance of clay particles in the vertisols, dominant in the overflow plains, might be responsible for an increase in nutrient uptake and immobilisation. Due to the redox and pH conditions prevailing during flooding, some questions arise on the fate of the heavy metals. Are they significantly lost as soluble and particulate forms, which in turn, can induce a potential risk of microelement deficiency? Or, on the contrary, are heavy metal inputs in precipitation waters retained somewhere in the terrestrial pools of the watershed allowing for an adequate micronutrient economy? By using input-output budgets, which consider the total atmospheric input and total output in stream runoff (soluble and particulate) for zinc and copper we concluded that in Mantecal flooded savannas, a net accumulation of micronutrient in soils is actually occurring through organic and inorganic complexes, a process that is counterbalanced by the losses of particulates through erosion.     

Conservation resource allocation,small population resiliency,and the fallacy of conservation triage

Some conservation prioritization methods are based on the assumption that conservation needs overwhelm current resources and not all species can be conserved; therefore, a conservation triage scheme (i.e., when the system is overwhelmed, species should be divided into three groups based on likelihood of survival, and efforts should be focused on those species in the group with the best survival prospects and reduced or denied to those in the group with no survival prospects and to those in the group not needing special efforts for their conservation) is necessary to guide resource allocation. We argue that this decision-making strategy is not appropriate because resources are not as limited as often assumed, and it is not evident that there are species that cannot be conserved. Small population size alone, for example, does not doom a species to extinction; plants, reptiles, birds, and mammals offer examples. Although resources dedicated to conserving all threatened species are insufficient at present, the world's economic resources are vast, and greater resources could be dedicated toward species conservation. The political framework for species conservation has improved, with initiatives such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals and other international agreements, funding mechanisms such as The Global Environment Facility, and the rise of many nongovernmental organizations with nimble, rapid-response small grants programs. For a prioritization system to allow no extinctions, zero extinctions must be an explicit goal of the system. Extinction is not inevitable, and should not be acceptable. A goal of no human-induced extinctions is imperative given the irreversibility of species loss.     

Evaluating impacts of forage fish abundance on marine predators

Forage fish—small, low trophic level, pelagic fish such as herrings, sardines, and anchovies—are important prey species in marine ecosystems and also support large commercial fisheries. In many parts of the world, forage fish fisheries are managed using precautionary principles that target catch limits below the maximum sustainable yield. However, there are increasing calls to further limit forage fish catch to safeguard their fish, seabird, and marine mammal predators. The effectiveness of these extra-precautionary regulations, which assume that increasing prey abundance increases predator productivity, are under debate. In this study, we used prey-linked population models to measure the influence of forage fish abundance on the population growth rates of 45 marine predator populations representing 32 fish, seabird, and mammal species from 5 regions around the world. We used simulated data to confirm the ability of the statistical model to accurately detect prey influences under varying levels of influence strength and process variability. Our results indicate that predator productivity was rarely influenced by the abundance of their forage fish prey. Only 6 predator populations (13% of the total) were positively influenced by increasing prey abundance and the model exhibited high power to detect prey influences when they existed. These results suggest that additional limitation of forage fish harvest to levels well below sustainable yields would rarely result in detectable increases in marine predator populations.