ABR成熟颗粒污泥的分形特征与尺度效应

建立了基于SEM照片研究ABR成熟颗粒污泥分形特征的操作程序,采用Photoshop、Newscan和Fips程序对该图形进行处理和分形维数计算.颗粒污泥的计盒维数值处于1.85以上,第3格室和第5格室形成的颗粒污泥较为致密.不同格室颗粒污泥边界的计盒维数的值在1.10左右,表明它们的边界或表面是不规则的,而且第1格室和第5格室形成的颗粒污泥的表面不规则程度高一些.颗粒污泥边界的圆规维数计算结果也表明其表面是不规则的,而且每一个颗粒污泥都存在2个分形维数的尺度区间,有的区间跨度达一个数量级.另外,不同的计算维数的方法会导致结果的差异.建立不同尺度域下的分形维数与颗粒污泥的组成、结构及物化特征的关系将具有重要意义.     

氨氮负荷对膜曝气生物膜反应器部分亚硝化性能的影响

对不同进水氨氮负荷下中试膜曝气生物膜反应器(MABR)部分亚硝化性能进行了考察,旨在确定在MABR中启动、优化和维持稳定亚硝化的控制策略.在进水氨氮表面负荷由(4.9±0.4)g·m-2·d-1(以N计,下同)升至(9.1±0.5)g·m-2·d-1的过程中,MABR氨氮去除负荷可以达到(5.7±0.5)g·m-2·d-1.当进水氨氮负荷为7.4 g·m-2·d-1时,本试验MABR部分亚硝化效果最佳,亚硝化率可达96.3%.部分亚硝化的维持需要控制合适的生物膜厚度,当生物膜厚度在110~170μm之间时,MABR亚硝化率在90%左右,能够有效实现对亚硝酸盐氧化菌(NOB)的抑制和亚硝酸盐的积累.利用微生物比氧利用率(SOURAOB)来反映生物膜中氨氧化菌(AOB)的活性,发现MABR生物膜的SOURAOB可达(133.9±31.1)mg·g-1·h-1(以每g SS利用的O2量(mg)计).实时定量PCR结果也表明AOB为MABR生物膜中的优势菌群,其微生物丰度比接种污泥高出3个数量级.通过调控进水氨氮负荷和生物膜厚度,维持AOB的种群优势和高活性并同时抑制NOB的活性,可以实现MABR的稳定部分亚硝化.     

淮河(蚌埠段)饮用水源水生物接触氧化预处理生产性试验

为了探索饮用水生预处理的可行性,进行了国内第一家生产规模饮用水生物接触氧化预处理装置试验,试验表明,在水气比１：１,滤速３．６－６．０ｍ／ｈ时,生物预处理对水源水中有机物和氨氮的去除效率分别为１３．６％－２０．５％,７０％－９０％,影响生物预处理运行效果的主要因素是溶解氧和温度。     

根溪河小流域的崩岗特征及其治理措施

长汀县河田镇根溪河小流域是福建水土流失最严重的地区之一，存在不同程度的崩岗131个。分析了河田根溪河小流域崩岗的形态特征、发育阶段和活动情况。研究表明，崩岗的形成和发展与深厚的花岗岩风化壳、土壤特性、植被覆盖、小气候条件及人类活动等密切相关。提出了崩岗治理的基本思路和治理措施。经治理后沟道和坡面的植被覆盖率由原来的26％和28％分别提高到68％和76％；土壤侵蚀模数下降至3175t／km^2a，与未治理的崩岗相比降低了89．6％。     

急倾斜煤层煤巷支护试验研究

对急倾斜煤层中的永久性巷道的支护方式的选择及支护效果进行了系统研究.针对急倾斜煤层中巷道围岩活动的特点,从其支护所面临的困境入手,采用动态设计方法,通过实验室相似模拟、数值模拟和现场测试等综合手段,得出了锚梁网支护方式是该类巷道最有效的支护方式的结论,并取得了理想的支护效果.试验表明采用的设计方法是科学合理的,填补了急倾斜煤层巷道支护理论和设计方法的空白.该研究成果将给类似条件下的巷道支护提供有益的借鉴,因而有广阔的应用前景.     

有色冶炼重金属废水回用研究

通过对株洲冶炼厂重金属废水回用结垢问题的研究，针对其垢样主要属碳酸钙垢型的特点，提出以投加高效低剂量的阻垢剂作为防止结垢的主要方法，运行证明，该防止结垢方法具有明显的经济效益和环境效益，应用前景广阔。     

The connectedness to nature scale: A measure of emotional connection to nature?

Mayer and Frantz (2004) proposed that their connectedness to nature scale (CNS) provides a measure of people's emotional connection to nature. After reanalyzing data from their article, collecting and analyzing our own data, and conducting a content analysis of CNS scale items, we conclude that the CNS does not measure an emotional connection to nature. Although results from our Study 1 and Study 2 support Mayer and Frantz's conclusion that the CNS measures one predominant factor, we suggest that factor measures cognitive beliefs and not emotional connections. Results from our Studies 3 and 4 suggest that the self-referential, less negatively toned wording of CNS items may account for differences in correlations, between the CNS and environmentalism (a measure of environmental identity) and between the New Ecological Paradigm Scale (a measure of environmental beliefs) and environmentalism, reported by Mayer and Frantz. In Study 5, we suggest that correlation differences reported by Mayer and Frantz may also be attributable to method variance, as opposed to content differences between the CNS and the New Ecological Paradigm scale. We provide recommendations for revising the CNS to focus on beliefs about their connection to nature.     

关于油气回收行业发展缓慢的思考

文章回顾了我国油气回收行业三十年的发展历程和现状,阐述了该行业目前面临的发展机遇和存在的主要问题,并分析了影响行业发展的原因。     

EDUCATING RURAL COMMUNITY LEADERS IN WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVES1

ABSTRACT: Providing adequate wastewater treatment facilities for the citizens in small rural communities in the United States can cost millions of dollars. An educational program has been developed and conducted in Ohio to teach local officials about wastewater treatment alternatives. The five-session workshop covers wastewater treatment principles, needs assessment, system management, and resource gathering. The knowledge and skills gained by the 96 community leaders who participated in six workshops were measured using a pretest/pest test and surveys conducted during the workshops. From 25 percent to 100 percent of the participants increased their knowledge of treatment systems, alternatives, and relative costs. From 23 percent to 84 percent applied new skills, such as conducting a sanitary survey or examining treatment systems. The pretest also revealed previous knowledge of the participants in the areas of system maintenance and consultant qualifications.     

边疆民族地区小城镇发展对策研究——以云南省怒江州边境3县为例

云南省怒江傈僳族自治州的贡山、福贡、泸水3县,是一个集边疆地区、民族地区、贫困地区、生态脆弱区和生态敏感地区为一体的特殊地理区域。以怒江州边境3县为例,对边疆民族地区小城镇发展对策进行了实证研究。在分析本区特殊的地域背景、小城镇发展意义、小城镇发展现状、小城镇发展障碍,以及小城镇发展潜力的基础之上,探讨了怒江州边境3县小城镇的发展对策,目的在于为本区以及其它边疆民族地区制定小城镇发展对策时提供参考。