论工业企业生态规划与区域可持续发展

早在19世纪，生态学家就提出了生态规划的思想，20世纪60年代以后，随着环境问题的加剧和环境运动的发展，生态规划受到发达国家的高度重视。利用生态规划的理论对工业企业进行科学的规划不仅是环境保护的客观要求，也是企业自身生存发展的现实需要。要促进工业企业与所在区域环境的和谐、持续与发展，需要树立现代生态观念，综合考虑人与自然的关系，制定并实施生态规划。     

胡杨内源保护酶系可以指征宏观生态行为效果吗--塔里木河下游生态输水效应案例研究

在宏观生态系统的恢复中,通常关注的层面至多达到个体水平,即只计测个体的存在和测定所关注的可视特征,而忽略了个体的生理反应,特别是在实施恢复生态工程时,大规模地重新构造生物生活资源结构,常常难以估测这种变化对生物的有效性,加之可视生态效果表达的滞后性和可测试的复杂性,常常造成效果遗漏.因此,增加微观(细胞)层面的反应指示指标,可捕捉细微的个体反应,更准确的指征生态效果在个体上实现反应的可能性,这对于丰富恢复生态学理论是具有重大意义的.本文以塔里木河下游生态恢复工程为载体,探索了以内源保护酶系活力变化为指征的个体对生态输水的响应,结果表明超氧歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)不仅对累积输水效果具有指示性,而且对短期水干扰具有敏感的指示性,相关关系也因受水而强化.     

小城镇环境保护规划存在的问题与对策

根据全国生态环境保护“十五”计划要求,在计划期间力争60％的小城镇完成环境保护规划,广西小城镇由于经济发展不平衡,部分小城镇还比较落后,且存在较多的环境问题,目前小城镇的环境保护规划尚未得到有效的开展,因此应及时找出问题和差距,并根据存在的问题作出相应的对策,在计划期内是可以完成小城镇环境保护规划的目标,为广西小城镇的可待续发展提供环境保障。     

River systems as providers of goods and services: a basis for comparing desired and undesired effects of large dam projects

In developing countries, large dam projects continue to be launched, primarily to secure a time-stable freshwater supply and to generate hydropower. Meanwhile, calls for environmentally sustainable development put pressure on the dam-building industry to integrate ecological concerns in project planning and decision-making. Such integration requires environmental impact statements (EISs) that can communicate the societal implications of the ecological effects in terms that are understandable and useful to planners and decision-makers. The purpose of this study is to develop a basic framework for assessing the societal implications of the river ecological effects expected of a proposed large dam project. The aim is to facilitate a comparison of desired and potential undesired effects on-site and downstream. The study involves two main tasks: to identify key river goods and services that a river system may provide, and to analyze how the implementation of a large dam project may alter the on-site capacity and downstream potentials to derive river goods and services from the river system. Three river goods and six river services are identified. River goods are defined as extractable partly man-made products and river services as naturally sustained processes. By four main types of flow manipulations, a large dam project improves the on-site capacity to derive desired river goods, but simultaneously threatens the provision of desirable river goods and services downstream. However, by adjusting the site, design, and operational schedule of the proposed dam project, undesirable effects on river goods and services can be minimized.     

黄河口治理与“三约束”理论

黄河口治理是黄河治理的重要问题之一,黄河口治理观点有河口提动论、河口相对稳定论、固住河口论。本文分析了固住河口的必要性和可行性,提出了“三约束”理论,认为黄河口治理关键是固住河口。     

涝渍地暗管排水示范工程建设有关问题研究

结合中日专项技术合作四湖项目的具体实践,指出了暗管工程规划中排水调查的内容和重点,就如何评判暗管排水的必要性和确定暗管设计排水量进行了探讨,分析了暗管排水与规划单元排灌系统的关系。排水调查是农田基本建设实施过程中不可缺少的一个环节,就涝渍地治理改造而言,调查的重点是要弄清排水不良的原因和取得解决问题的基础资料。为了制定符合实际的农田排水规划实施方案,可从土壤类型、土壤承载力、降雨后地表积水状况、土壤透水性和地下水位等对规划单元内的农田是否需要暗管排水作出判断。对水田而言,在田面水排除后,领先暗管要排除地表残留水和过剩的土壤重力水,据此决定暗管设计排水量。对于旱田,渗入土壤中以重力水存在的过乘水需要通过暗管排除,据此决定暗管设计排水量。暗管工程适于江河中下游地势低洼、排水不良的农田,当明排不能有效地降低地下水位满足作物生长时,有必要采取暗管排水。     

Environmental Impacts of the Akosombo Dam and Effects of Climate Change on the Lake Levels

The Akosombo dam was constructed on the Volta river primarily for the generation of hydropower. The resultant Volta lake which was formed between 1962 and 1966 in Ghana will probably long be one of the greatest man-made lakes. It produces 912MW of electricity at its maximum operating capacity. The Akosombo hydroelectric project (HEP) was meant among others to open up Ghana to rapid industrialization and hence modern development. Other positive impacts of the HEP include fishing, farming, transportation and tourism. However, there are equally negative impacts, some of which the project did not envisage and these are felt on the physical, biological and human subsystems within the immediate project environments and places much more distant from them. Recently, there have been declines in the lake levels resulting most probably from inadequate rainfall and/or runoff from the river catchments that feed the lake, and also from the observed rising temperatures. Comparisons of the runoff from two most important tributaries of the Volta (White Volta and Oti) for two time periods of 1951–1970 and 1971–1990 showed reductions in mean streamflows of 23.1% on the White Volta and 32.5% on the Oti. Similarly, a plot of the mean annual temperatures for the upper Volta basin indicated a 1^C rise in temperature from 1945–1993.     

小型环境试验舱的研制及性能研究

自制小型环境试验舱的体积为0．17m^3，用产生甲醛的标准气体方法检验试验舱的稳定性、准确性及精密性。结果表明，试验舱稳定，无吸附，且有95％的精确性。通过测定试验舱内木板中甲醛释放量及释放规律检验试验舱的应用性能，测得甲醛释放规律与文献研究结果一致，表明该试验舱应用性能良好，因此该实验舱可用于检测室内装饰装修材料中污染物质释放量及释放规律的研究。     

突发性环境污染事故应急监测准备与响应

突发性环境污染事故具有不确定性，因此要求应急监测准备工作常备不懈；应急监测准备和响应贯穿于事前、事发、事后几个阶段，包括日常准备、应急监测、结果发布、跟踪监测、经验总结等主要环节。     

输电线路建设项目水土保持方案编制的几点认识

针对输电建设项目的特点,阐述了输电线路与一般线形建设项目水土保持方案的不同之处,提出了输电线路水土保持方案编制的程序、内容及方法.