城市街道地表物特性分析

通过对城市街道地表物的收集、处理、分析和典型降水的径流冲刷实测,全面探究了城市街道地表物的分布、累积和冲刷规律,并对其污染物的含量和污染物总量进行了定量计算。为现代城市非点源污染截污处理和环境综合整治提供了理论和实践依据。     

滇池宝象河流域全面产流与降雨关系初步研究

在进行滇池宝象河流域入湖污染负荷总量核算时，涉及流域的水量平衡计算，地表径流和地下径流是两个重要的环节，两者联系密切，并且在水循环过程中相互转化。不是所有的降水都能补给地下水，进而产生地表径流，只有当降雨量大于某一临界值时，才有可能产生地表径流。全流域地表径流产生与降雨关系的试验研究，有助于分析当地气象因素以及降雨时段之初的包气带含水率和地下水埋藏深度，为污染负荷总量核算提供叁者和借器．     

1997年11月8日藏北玛尼7.5级大震的预报问题

对 1997年 11月 8日的藏北玛尼大地震 ,我们曾在 1991年进行过预报 ,1997年又曾重申过这个预报。本文用我们过去提出的预报理论和方法 ,对玛尼大震的预报问题再进行更广泛的讨论。文中 ,用立交模式讨论了玛尼大震的孕育机制 ,用 35°线上的 6 0a周期讨论了该震的发生年份 ,用构造交会及“静中动判据”讨论了该地震发生的地点 ,用磁暴倍九法和引潮力增长速度讨论了该震的发震日期 ,用科里奥利力效应讨论了该震余震震级偏小的原因 ,另外 ,还讨论了有关大震 -雪灾链的问题。     

POTENTIAL PHOSPHORUS LOAD REDUCTIONS UNDER THE LAKE OKEECHOBEE REGULATORY PROGRAM1

ABSTRACT: Nutrient loading from beef pastures located within the northern Lake Okeechobee watershed in Florida, has been identified as a source of phosphorus contributing to the accelerated eutrophication of the lake. Since 1989 within the watershed, 557 agricultural drainage sites, mainly beef pasture, have been monitored for compliance under a regulatory program. Of those sites, 154 were actively monitored for phosphorus concentrations from October 1, 1998, to September 30, 1999. Of these 154 sites, 77 were considered to be out of compliance (OOC). An OOC site is defined as having runoff with a 12‐month average phosphorus concentration exceeding the permitted discharge limit. The average annual phosphorous load from the 77 OOC sites for an eight‐year study period from October 1, 1991, to September 30, 1999, was estimated using measured concentration values and simulated runoff obtained from an agricultural nonpoint source pollution model, CREAMS‐WT. The 77 OOC sites produced an estimated average annual 46 metric tonnes of phosphorus load, of which an estimated 22 tonnes of phosphorus reached Lake Okeechobee on an average annual basis. The remaining estimated average annual 24 tonnes of phosphorus load was retained by streams and wetlands in the discharge transport system between the sites and the lake. The estimated average annual load reaching Lake Okeechobee from the OOC sites represented 11 percent of the phosphorus load above a five‐year average annual target load for the lake. However, the OOC site drainage areas represented only 3 percent of the northern watershed that drains into the lake. Of the 77 OOC sites, 12 sites had an average annual phosphorus loading rate equal to or greater than 3.0 kg/ha and were placed on the priority list for the Critical Restoration Project in the Lake Okeechobee watershed. To estimate the possible phosphorus load reductions from the 77 sites, two scenarios were modeled. The first scenario reduced phosphorus concentrations in runoff to the permitted discharge limits under the Lake Okeechobee regulatory program. The second scenario changed current land uses to native rangeland with an estimated annual offsite total phosphorus areal loading rate of 0.114 kg/ha. These two scenarios are hypothetical with assumed concentration values and loading rate. Model results showed that the first management scenario reduced the average annual phosphorus load to the lake by an estimated 15 tonnes. The second scenario reduced the average annual phosphorus load to the lake by an estimated 21 tonnes.     

扁平形金属丝带纤维栅除尘的实验研究

本实验研究了湿式振动纤维栅的一种新型过滤材质——扁平形金属丝带。根据影响除尘性能的因素，分别研究了风速和过滤片数对金属丝带纤维栅的除尘效率和过滤阻力的影响，并从理论上解释了金属丝带纤维栅的过滤阻力增加的原因，提出了一种新型结构的金属丝带纤维栅。矩形金属纤维栅实验结果说明：在一定风速下，随着过滤片数的增加，除尘效率增加。当风速为3．3m／s，过滤片为6片时，全粉尘的除尘效率达99％；呼吸性粉尘的分级效率大于94％，达到了与化学纤维栅相同的水平。过滤阻力随着速度和过滤片数的增加近似呈线性增加。当湿式振动矩形金属纤维栅为6片，风速为3．3m／s时，纤维栅在当量直径为0．074mm和0．109mm时的最大过滤阻力分别为488Pa和500Pa。     

黄土高原地区石油类非点源污染试验研究

石油类非点源污染基本特征为污染源分散、污染源作用周期长、暴雨时易于形成高含沙水流以及由此引发的高强度石油类污染。试验结果表明,随土壤石油污染强度的提高,径流量增大,产沙量降低,但水、固两相中的污染物径流污染强度均增大。试验条件下,径流过程释放于水相中的石油类浓度可高达4～7 mg/L。     

A STRATEGY FOR IMPLEMENTING BMPs FOR CONTROLLING NONPOINT SOURCE POLLUTION: THE CASE OF THE FEI‐TSUI RESERVOIR WATERSHED IN TAIWAN1

ABSTRACT: This paper describes a concerted effort by the Taiwan Water Resources Bureau, the City of Taipei, and the Bureau of Fei‐tsui Reservoir Management to protect the water quality in the Fei‐tsui Reservoir.The reservoir is the major source of water supply for over two million people in the metropolitan area of Taipei. Over the years the reservoir has suffered from siltation and more recently eutrophication. The sources of the pollution are traced to the hundreds of tea gardens, rice fields and other agricultural areas in the watershed and to urban sources such as construction sites. Large amounts of nutrients enter the reservoir by way of storm water runoff during storm or typhoon events. Since 1999, various agencies have worked to initiate an effort to reduce nonpoint pollution in the Fei‐Tsui Reservoir watershed. Practices being considered include nonstructural measures such as nutrient management, and structural measures such as swales, detention basins, and wetlands, in addition to erosion and sediment control methods. A number of field tests have been completed on the performance of selected best management practices (BMPs). A strategy for implementing the BMPs at the watershed scale has been developed based on a total maximum daily load (TMDL) analysis that is reported in this paper.     

Estimation of runoff and sediment yield in the Redrock Creek watershed using AnnAGNPS and GIS

Sediment has been identified as a significant threat to water quality and channel clogging that in turn may lead to river flooding. With the increasing awareness of the impairment from sediment to water bodies in a watershed, identifying the locations of the major sediment sources and reducing the sediment through management practices will be important for an effective watershed management. The annualized agricultural non-point sourcepollution(AnnAGNPS) model and newly developed GIS interface for it were applied in a small agricultural watershed, Redrock Creek watershed, Kansas, in this pilot study for exploring the effectiveness of using this model as a management tool. The calibrated model appropriately simulated monthly runoff and sediment yield through the practices in this study and potentially suggested the ways of sediment reduction through evaluating the changes of land use and field operation in the model for the purpose of watershed management.     

廊坊市区径流污染时空分布特征及来源解析

降雨径流污染主要是通过雨水的冲刷和淋溶作用携带污染物进入受纳水体,造成水体黑臭化或富营养化.了解和掌握降雨径流污染特征是有效控制径流污染的前提.全面分析廊坊市城区降雨径流污染时空分布特征和各污染物相关关系,通过在市区设置14个采样点采集了7次降雨径流样品,分析了样品中的悬浮固体(SS)、化学需氧量(COD)、N、P、粪...     

城市雨水径流水质特性及分析

通过对宝鸡市市区雨水径流的水质进行测定,对其污染特性进行分析,探讨城市雨水径流对城市水环境的影响,并提出相应的污染控制措施,为研究及治理雨水径流对城市水体的污染提供基础资料和技术支持。