高层建筑地基下卧软弱夹层的稳定性探讨

对于场区内不可直接采用天然地基的高层建筑,建议优先考虑浅层换填地基处理方案,保证基础下粗颗粒垫层厚度不小于3.0m为宜。本文对高层建筑地基下卧软弱夹层稳定性的验算问题进行了探讨,当对软弱下卧层作深度修正后仍不能满足基础设计要求时,可按两个粗糙平面之间的薄层挤压问题对软弱下卧层进行稳定性分析及极限荷载计算,强度安全系数k取值为3,一般可以满足设计强度要求。该研究对地基处理有着重要的理论和实践借鉴意义。     

管道站场基础沉降远程在线监测评价系统设计

为解决部分站场地基承载力不足,经过长期运营部分站场基础沉降不同步,造成的管道弯曲甚至管道破裂问题,提出1种由位置标识物来实现实时准确采集站场基础位移数据的方法,研制1套基于激光测距技术的基础沉降远程在线监测评价系统;系统软件根据实时采集的沉降量与历史监测数据比对,评价站场运行状态,并给出基础沉降安全储备。结果表明:结合历史监测数据可预测站场基础下一检修周期的沉降状况,给出是否需要在检修期内对站场基础进行维护的建议。系统可有效预防基础沉降带来的安全隐患,减小管道破损带来的经济损失。     

A qualitative study of college students' perceptions of risky driving and social influences

Objectives: Young adults and teens are documented as the riskiest drivers on the road, and newer issues such as texting and driving are a growing concern. This study sought to determine the risk perceptions of young adults regarding various driving behaviors, their past experiences, how their social circles are structured, and how this might affect their driving. Methods: This study conducted qualitative research with 25 college undergraduate students to determine their peer and social influences regarding distracted driving. Data were analyzed and related to the health belief model and past research on social influence. Results: Though most participants felt that their behaviors were set after learning to drive, they were, in fact, quite susceptible to the influence of those in their social circles (e.g., fear of judgment and accountability) and, more broadly, to social norms. Texting and driving was the largest and most topical distracted driving issue and was also identified as very difficult to stop due to perceived barriers and the idea that intervening is rude. Participants identified low perceived susceptibility and severity (perceived threat) for a number of risky driving behaviors, including texting and driving. Conclusions: Training is needed to encourage people to intervene and speak up regarding behaviors other than drinking and driving, and cues to action and campaigns should target intervention to increase self-efficacy, as well as norms, susceptibility, and common rationalizations for risky behavior.     

Personality and social networks in organizations: A review and future directions

Recent research linking individuals' personality characteristics to their social networks has brought a new understanding of how individual patterns of behavior affect networks in organizations. This review summarizes the major advancements in the three areas of social network research relevant to organizational behavior: (a) brokerage and structural holes; (b) network centrality and network size; and (c) strength of ties. This review also provides an agenda outlining three key opportunities for future research. These opportunities involve personality and social network change, bidirectional and dyadic processes, and the potential effect of network position on personality expression. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Challenges and Opportunities for Creating Intelligent Hazard Alerts: The “FloodHippo” Prototype

Disasters evolving from hazards are a persistent and deadly occurrence in the United States. Despite this, hazard alerts have remained spatially vague, temporally imprecise, and lack actionable information. These deficiencies indicate a divide between the status quo and what is possible given modern environmental models, geographic information systems (GIS), and smartphone capabilities. This work describes an alternative, prototype system, “FloodHippo,” which integrates operational model outputs, cloud‐based GIS, and expanded communication channels to provide personal and interactive disaster alerts for floods. The precepts and methods underpinning FloodHippo apply equally to other disasters that evolve over space and time, presenting the opportunity for a more intelligent disaster response system. The development of such a system would not only minimize current shortcomings in disaster alerts but also improve resilience through individual action, along with community, academic, and federal cooperation.     

Ensuring social acceptance of the energy transition. The German government’s ‘consensus management’ strategy

This study deals with the German Federal Government’s approach of ensuring public support for its ‘Energiewende’, the swift and complete transition to an energy system based on renewable sources. First, the government’s ‘consensus management’ strategy is described as consisting of four elements: the setup of stakeholder deliberation fora; the funding of organisations dedicated to the public promotion of the energy transition; public campaigns that appeal to people’s commitment and the support of research on energy technologies. The study then traces the need for a strong social mandate of the energy transition back to the scope of the regulatory challenge and the recently growing conflicts around implementation, to institutional constraints of a consensus democracy and to the narrative of ‘Energiewende’ as the ‘grand national task’.     

武汉地区基坑一般黏性土的力学特性与其物理指标间的相关性研究

一般黏性土作为武汉地区基坑工程中常见土层,对其工程特性与其物理力学参数的相关性研究对提高深基坑支护技术和经济性具有重要的现实意义。为研究武汉地区基坑工程典型一般黏性土的物理力学特性,以武汉地区45个基坑工程为基础,采用数理统计及回归分析方法,分析了武汉地区一般黏性土的工程特性与其物理力学参数间的相关关系。结果表明:武汉地区基坑工程一般黏性土的静力触探指标PS值变化范围为0.8~1.6 MPa,标准贯入指标N值的变化范围为3~7,土体饱和度较高,可塑及压缩性中等偏高,这将对基坑及高层建筑沉降变形产生不利影响;此外,一般黏性土的含水率、孔隙比、液限系数与直剪试验条件下抗剪强度指标c、值间呈负相关关系,一般黏性土的压缩模量与直剪试验条件下抗剪强度指标c、值间呈正相关关系。该研究结果可为武汉地区基坑工程设计的参数取值提供依据。     

Community reactions to tourism development: how does governmental fairness work?

Based on the elements of social exchange and organizational justice theories, a conceptual model and associated hypotheses were formulated to examine the relationship among community residents and their perceptions of governmental fairness (i.e., distributive, procedural, interpersonal, and informational dimensions), social capital (i.e., cognitive and structural dimensions), and support for government and environmental development. Data were collected from 496 residents in four Korean cities: Busan, Gyeongju, Pohang, and Ulsan. Empirical testing resulted in support for multiple hypotheses. More specifically, cognitive social capital was significantly influenced by distributive, interpersonal, and informational fairness. Structural social capital was significantly affected by distributive and informational fairness. Subsequently, two dimensions of social capital positively influenced two types of support. Overall, the results suggest that the interplay of governmental fairness and social capital is important in influencing residents’ support for government and environmental development.     

Learning for social-ecological change: a qualitative review of outcomes across empirical literature in natural resource management

Learning is considered as a promising mechanism to cope with rapid environmental change. The implications of learning for natural resource management (NRM) have not been explored in-depth and the evidence on the topic is scattered across multiple sources. We provide a qualitative review of types of learning outcomes and consider their manifestations in NRM across selected empirical literature. We conducted a systematic search of the peer-reviewed literature (N = 1,223) and a qualitative meta-synthesis of included articles, with an explicit focus on learning outcomes and NRM changes (N = 53). Besides social learning, we found several learning concepts used, including policy and transformative learning, and multiple links between learning and NRM reported. We observe that the development of skills, together with a system approach involving multi-level capacities, is decisive for implications of learning for NRM. Future reviews could systematically compare how primary research applies different learning concepts and discusses links between learning and NRM changes.