Alternative Perspectives on the Sustainability of Alaska's Commercial Fisheries

Many believe commercial fisheries in Alaska (U.S.A.) are sustainability success stories, but ongoing socioeconomic problems across the state raise questions about how this sustainability is being defined and evaluated. Problems such as food insecurity and the disenfranchisement of Alaska Natives from fishing rights are well documented, yet these concerns are obscured by marketing campaigns that convey images of flourishing fishing communities and initiatives to certify Alaska's fisheries as responsibly managed. Fisheries management mandates and approaches built on such metrics and technologies as maximum sustainable yield and systems of tradable quotas actually serve to constrain, circumscribe, and marginalize some Alaskans’ opportunities for effecting change in how the benefits of these fisheries are allocated. Beneath the narrative of sustainability, these management technologies perpetuate a cognitive ecological model of sustainability that is oriented to single‐species outcomes, that casts people as parasites, and thus assumes the necessity of trade‐offs between biological and social goals. Alternative cognitive models are available that draw metaphors from different ecological concepts such as keystone species and mutualisms. Such models, when used to inform management approaches, may improve societal outcomes in Alaska and elsewhere by promoting food security and sustainability through diversified natural resource harvest strategies that are more flexible and responsive to environmental variability and change. Perspectivas Alternativas sobre la Sustentabilidad de las Pesquerías Comerciales en Alaska     

On the relationship between intragroup conflict and social capital in teams: A longitudinal investigation in Taiwan

In response to the prevalent deployment of teams in organizations, there is a need to jointly consider conflict and social capital within the teams to offer novel ways to understand group process. This study proposes that the association between intragroup conflict and group social capital may be dynamic and reciprocal. Specifically, this study investigates longitudinally how intragroup conflict influences group social capital within cross‐functional teams and recognizes whether the teams with high group social capital can further produce intragroup conflict. The two‐year longitudinal study sampled 527 individuals in 90 teams across two time periods. This study finds that when teams are formed (Time 1), task conflict relates positively to structural social capital, and relationship conflict relates negatively to cognitive social capital. There is an inverted U‐type relationship between task conflict at Time 1 and social capital at Time 2. Established teams (Time 2) with higher levels of social capital experience higher levels of task conflict and lower levels of relationship conflict than teams with lower levels of social capital. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

‘How corporate social responsibility can be integrated into corporate sustainability: a theoretical review of their relationships’

The notion that corporations are expected to have social and environmental performance standards and practices while meeting their financial and legal obligations is commonly referred to as corporate social responsibility (CSR) or corporate sustainability (CS). Previous studies have discussed whether the two terms are converging or should be used as stand-alone concepts. After reviewing the trends in development of CSR and CS, and the various viewpoints on the relationships between the two, we propose a relationship model to better understand how CSR can be integrated into CS as either a transitional stage or ultimate goal for a corporation. This study aims to provide researchers and practitioners with further insights on the adoption of CSR and CS. The model is intended to provide a plausible view of the relationships between CSR and CS to help to lessen the confusion and ease the communication both between and within these fields.     

响水风电基础地震动参数选取及抗震性能分析

响水风电场位于江苏省响水沿海滩涂地区,是国内目前单体较大的风电项目。本风电场是Ⅳ类场地条件对抗震不利,因此有必要对基础抗震性能进行验算。首先选取不同地震动参数进行了对比计算,计算表明根据风电场场区地形地貌、区域地质条件确定的地震动参数,考虑土层特性后,地震作用放大较多。然后针对在多遇地震和基本烈度地震两种情况下,综合考虑波浪力、风荷载的联合作用,对风电基础进行抗震验算,计算表明多遇地震烈度时,可满足现行建筑结构抗震规范的要求。基本烈度地震时,结构的应力、内力及其墩台处位移均满足抗震要求,但泥面处位移超过限制要求,泥面位移控制是抗震设计的主要目标。     

A Property Rights Approach to Understanding Human Displacement from Protected Areas: the Case of Marine Protected Areas

Abstract:  The physical, economic, and sociocultural displacement of local peoples from protected areas generates intense discussion among scholars and policy makers. To foster greater precision and clarity in these discussions, we used a conceptual framework from the political economy literature to examine different forms of human displacement from protected areas. Using marine protected areas (MPAs) to ground our analysis, we characterized the 5 types of property rights that are reallocated (lost, secured, and gained) through the establishment of protected areas. All forms of MPA "displacement" involve reallocation of property rights, but the specific types and bundles of rights lost, secured, and gained dramatically shape the magnitude, extent, and equity of MPA impacts—positive and negative—on governance, economic well-being, health, education, social capital, and culture. The impacts of reallocating rights to MPA resources vary within and among social groups, inducing changes in society, in patterns of resource use, and in the environment. To create more environmentally sustainable and socially just conservation practice, a critical next step in conservation social science research is to document and explain variation in the social impacts of protected areas.     

基于FBN地铁深基坑施工渗漏风险评估模型及应用

为了解决由于地铁深基坑施工风险因素不确定性和基坑工程事故资料缺失导致传统风险分析方法不再满足实际需要的问题。探讨模糊集理论(FST)和贝叶斯网络(BN)的结合,介绍1种专家置信度指标,建立地铁深基坑渗漏风险评估指标体系,得到基于模糊贝叶斯网络(FBN)地铁深基坑施工渗漏风险评估模型。研究结果表明：将该方法应用于广州地铁十三号线某车站深基坑施工渗漏风险评估中,结果符合施工实际,接缝密封质量差等风险因素需加以措施控制,该方法可为后续施工风险评估提供实时支持。     

社会脆弱性研究综述

在梳理社会脆弱性概念和分析框架的基础上,从气候变化、自然灾害、城市化、旅游发展、健康、环境污染及公共安全等扰动视角出发,对其影响下的社会脆弱性研究内容进行梳理总结,并提出未来社会脆弱性研究的关键问题.社会脆弱性研究的关注度不断上升,但社会脆弱性的概念和分析框架尚无统一定论;研究内容多关注气候变化和自然灾害等自然因素扰动...     

Pondering over Several Problems in Disaster Research

1Catastrophology is an extremely importantnatural- social science.Health and longevity are the common wishes of humanity,and peace and progress are thecommon goals of society.Calamities,either natural or human,are harmful to the health andlongevity of human beings,bring about economic damages and impede the prosperity andprogress of human society. The phylogeny of human society is indeed a chronicle of struggleswith various disasters.To date,the study of disasters and hazards has developed int…     

输变电工程电磁场引起公众风险感受调查分析

为了解和掌握输变电工程运行产生电磁场引起公众风险感受的心理状态,以制定出合理的策略来缓解和降低这种恐慌情绪,采用社会心理学的调查研究方法,在开展对公众定性访谈的基础上,归纳总结获取的信息、设计问卷,以实现对更大范围的公众进行风险感受相关信息的调查与统计。数据分析表明,公众对电磁场原理及相关信息的不了解,是使得这一风险事件具有群体性特征,进而导致其蔓延和激化的主要原因,建议在制定宣传策略的同时,加强对输变电工程相关信息公平、公正、公开的管理,以营造和谐与信任的沟通氛围。     

秦岭自然保护区群的社会效益计量研究

秦岭自然保护区群在我国生物多样性保护方面发挥了重要作用,学术界一直缺乏其社会效益计量的研究.该研究在界定秦岭自然保护区群社会效益的概念及分析其内涵的基础上,综合运用专家咨询法及文献参考方法,初步建立了秦岭自然保护区群社会效益计量指标体系,包括:社会文明进步、人类健康和社会生产生活改善3种类型11项指标.利用市场价值法、等效替代法等方法,对秦岭自然保护区群保护生物多样性的过程中所产生的社会效益进行了计量及分析.结果表明:秦岭自然保护区群在保护生物多样性的同时,每年产生了相当可观的社会效益,总货币量约11.68亿元人民币,与周边区域密切相关的社会文明进步效益为1.68亿元;人类健康效益为1.62亿元;社会生产生活改善效益为8.37亿元.该研究的社会效益计量指标及计量方法可为秦岭自然保护区群基层工作人员及类似保护区社会效益计量及评价提供参考.