近5年旅游研究发展趋势探讨——基于对国家自然、社会科学基金旅游类项目的分析

基于2008-2012年获批的国家自科基金与社科基金旅游类项目,从学科分类、时空分布、研究问题等角度进行统计分析,以期揭示我国近5年旅游研究进展及发展趋势.研究发现,旅游开发、旅游影响、旅游可持续发展研究为两类项目研究重点.     

Organizational identification: Extending our understanding of social identities through social networks

Although organizational identification is founded on social identity and symbolic interactionist theories, current theories emphasize a social identity whereby organizational members categorize themselves and others based on roles and membership in an organization or work unit. In contrast symbolic interactionism, which resides in interpersonal relationships, is rarely theorized or empirically assessed in studies of organizational identification. We use survey data collected at an academic institution to explore how the strength and structure of an individual's social network both directly influences organizational identification as well as moderates the relation between social identity, or categorical, antecedents and organizational identification. Our results show that the size of an individual's network as well as the interaction between relationship strength and prestige better explain organizational identification than do antecedents based solely on categorization and social comparison processes. Thus networks of relationships, which have been a foundational but much neglected premise and process for organizational identification, are brought back into a theory of organizational identification. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

德国废物管理立法的制度特色与启示

自然资源的过度消耗和废物排放引起环境退化与污染。资源节约利用和有效的废物管理是循环经济的应有之意。德罾建立了以绿点计划为代表的较为完善的废物回收、循环利用系统。废物再生利用率居世界首位，积累了发展循环经济的有益经验。德国废物管理立法主要有以下制度特色和环境政策蕴涵：“与环境相协调”的环境政策导向，延伸生产者责任，政府与民间社会分工合作的废物管理体制，生产者责任组织的成功运作。立法设定包装物回收、循环利用的目标和时间表，一次性饮料包装的强制性押金制度。     

ASSETS TO MOVE WATERSHED COUNCILS FROM ASSESSMENT TO ACTION1

ABSTRACT: Oregon watershed council leaders, members, and government supporters are working to improve watershed health. To identify the institutional assets that are most helpful in taking action, we assemble the lessons learned from several synthesis studies. The institutional assets fall into seven categories — leadership, vision, trust, social networks, capital, power, and local and technical knowledge. Scientific knowledge, leadership, vision, and social networks are the assets most widely recognized and available. Power, trust, and capital are challenges that must be met for actions to be successful. Most people affected by watershed council actions can appeal to more powerful interests to get these actions changed. Trust, particularly of scientific recommendations and government, is lacking. This distrust limits opportunities for watershed council actions.     

从社会排斥的视角分析中国公众环境权益的缺失

社会排斥是近年来社会学研究中的重要概念。本文在对社会排斥内涵进行简要述评的基础上．探讨将这一独特视角用于公众环境权益诠释的可能性，并具体分析中国公众在环境权益实现过程中所面临的社会文化排斥、社会体制排斥、自我认同排斥等社会排斥现象及其三者之间的关系。公众在环境权益实现中所遇到的社会排斥包括两个方面：一是由消极排斥到积极排斥再到消极排斥的作用与反作用过程；二是自为排斥与自在排斥相互交错融合的过程。消除各种社会排斥的可行对策是：建立公众参与环境制度．促进环境NGO发展，强化环保执法能力．推动环保机制从政府主导型向社会制衡型转变。     

Understanding socio-cultural dimensions of environmental decision-making: A knowledge governance approach

Sociological critiques of scientific research processes and their application have developed nuanced understandings of the social, cultural and political forces shaping relationships between science and decision-making. Simultaneously, environmental researchers have sought to construct more engaged, dynamic modes of conducting research to facilitate the application of science in decision-making and action. To date, however, there are relatively few theoretically-oriented approaches that have been able to draw productive connections between the sociological critique and the practical applications that can aid in navigating this complex and diverse milieu. In this article, we propose that the concept of “knowledge governance” can bring together targeted inquiry into the socio-political context in which environmental science is situated, alongside analysis of specific interventions that change knowledge-to-action relationships. Drawing together Jasanoff’s (2005) concept of civic epistemology with Cash et al.’s (2003) knowledge systems for sustainability approach, this knowledge governance inquiry framework offers an integrative lens through which to critically reflect on knowledge-based processes, and incorporate that deeper understanding into intervention efforts. We briefly illustrate its application with reference to a pilot project examining conservation decision-making in the Western Pacific island nation of Palau.     

WATER RESOURCES AS SOCIAL PROBLEMS1

ABSTRACT. Evidence from 1969 studies in Virginia and Ohio suggests that neither community leaders nor the general public are likely to define water related problems as major problem areas. An examination of the components of a social problem tends to indicate that water problems have not moved beyond a level of minimal public concern. When respondents were willing to describe existing or potential water problems, perceptions as well as possible solutions were described in abstract rather than action-oriented terms. It is suggested that efforts to eliminate water resource problems are not likely to be effective until public concern moves to motivational and behavioral levels.     

我国旅游业碳排放的空间关联性及其影响因素

为全面厘清我国旅游业碳排放的空间网络结构特征,基于2000-2015年我国各省（自治区、直辖市）旅游业碳排放相关数据（不含西藏自治区和港澳台地区数据,下同）,结合修正的引力模型,构建旅游业碳排放的空间关联关系;采用社会网络分析法,深入剖析我国旅游业碳排放的空间关联性及其影响因素.结果表明:①2000-2015年,我国旅游业碳排放的空间网络关联度始终为1,其网络关系数与网络密度持续增加,而网络等级度与网络效率平稳下降.②上海市、浙江省、江苏省、北京市、天津市等东部经济发达地区在网络中处于核心位置,对旅游业碳排放空间关联性的影响显著;而海南省、云南省、广西壮族自治区、青海省、吉林省等在网络中居于边缘位置,对旅游业碳排放空间关联性的影响微弱.③广西壮族自治区、贵州省、新疆维吾尔自治区等归为"净溢出"板块,河北省、甘肃省、陕西省等处于"经纪人"板块,北京市、天津市、内蒙古自治区等归为"双向溢出"板块,江苏省、浙江省、上海市等属于"净受益"板块.④空间邻接关系、城镇化水平差异在1%的显著性水平上对旅游业碳排放空间关联性起正向促进作用,旅游消费水平差异和产业结构差异分别在5%和10%的显著性水平上与旅游业碳排放空间关联性呈正相关,能源消耗差异在1%的显著性水平上与其呈负相关.研究显示,我国整体旅游业碳排放空间关联性愈趋紧密,但仍存在较大改良空间,各板块间的空间关联性有待进一步加强.      

液化土层隔震和地基失效共同作用下多层砖房震害分析

对４０个液化实例计算了震陷值和谱烈度比，依据宏观震陷经验，提出了在液化土层隔震和地基失效共同作用下多层砖房的震害预测方法。