论节能配额交易制度

我国传统的节能法律制度忽略了市场调控机制的作用,不利于资源节约型社会的建设,为此,文章试图建立一种依靠市场调节手段的新制度。主要探讨了节能配额交易制度概念、特点、现实基础、理论基础、确立原则及其制度设计。     

Hibernation clustering and its consequences for associative nest foundation in<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Polistes dominulus</Emphasis> (Hymenoptera Vespidae)

Various studies indicate that cuticular hydrocarbons (CHCs) act as cues for nestmate recognition in paper wasps and other social insects. A recent study showed that associative nest foundation in Polistes dominulus is mainly performed by foundresses coming from the same locality. In the present study, we induced future foundresses of P. dominulus collected in two different localities to hibernate in the laboratory in aggregates of individuals from the same or different localities. After 2 months of hibernation, foundresses from different localities but from the same experimental cluster did not show any preference to associate, at the time of nest foundation, with individuals coming from the same original locality. The cuticular chemical profiles of individuals from the mixed hibernation clusters were quite similar and significantly different from those of individuals which hibernated with other foundresses from the same locality. These findings suggest that, in this species, mechanisms other than nestmate chemical recognition play a major role in the spring association of gynes during the foundation of a new nest.Communicated by R.F.A. Moritz     

Social Capital in Biodiversity Conservation and Management

Abstract:  The knowledge and values of local communities are now being acknowledged as valuable for biodiversity conservation. Relationships of trust, reciprocity and exchange, common rules, norms and sanctions, and connectedness in groups are what make up social capital, which is a necessary resource for shaping individual action to achieve positive biodiversity outcomes. Agricultural and rural conservation programs address biodiversity at three levels: agrobiodiversity on farms, nearby nature in landscapes, and protected areas. Recent initiatives that have sought to build social capital have shown that rural people can improve their understanding of biodiversity and agroecological relationships at the same time as they develop new social rules, norms, and institutions. This process of social learning helps new ideas to spread and can lead to positive biodiversity outcomes over large areas. New ideas spread more rapidly where there is high social capital. There remain many practical and policy difficulties, however, not least regarding the need to invest in social capital formation and the many unresolved questions of how the state views communities empowered to make their own decisions. Nonetheless, attention to the value of social relations, in the form of trust, reciprocal arrangements, locally developed rules, norms and sanctions, and emergent institutions, has clearly been shown to deliver a biodiversity dividend in many contexts. This suggests a need to blend both the biological and social elements of conservation.     

新疆尉犁县西尼尔区生态环境建设初步研究

以新疆南部孔雀河流域中游地区的尉犁县西尼尔区为例 ,在分析了该区的主要生态环境问题、水资源现状和可用水量的基础上 ,对该区的生态环境建设做出规划。     

荒漠化监测中生态环境与社会经济评价指标体系及评价方法的研究

在对荒漠化地区生态环境与社会经济评介基础分析的基础上，提出了荒漠化监测中生态环境与社会经济综合评价指标体系及评价标准，建立了初步的评价模型。并以宁夏自治区作为试点区域，对评价指标体系及其评价方法进行了验证。     

基于Bp网络的强夯加固软土地基的影响因素量化分析

本文以河流相软土为例,应用检验合格的Bp网络模型,对影响强夯加固软土地基效果的因素进行量化分析。得到了液性指数I_L、被加固土层厚度h、排水设计、施工工艺与加固效果之间定量的关系,对实现强夯加固软土地基的信息化施工具有一定的意义。     

武汉展览馆深基坑降水工程新方法浅析

本文以武汉展览馆深基坑降水工程为例，分析了其降水过程中新方法，新思路的应用，并在此基础上对武汉汉口地区深基坑降水问题提出了几点建议。     

城市环境问题与生态调控

应用复合生态系统理论系统分析了城市生态系统的组成、结构和功能特点，介绍了城市生态调控的主要方法及生态规划、生态工程、生态管理的研究内容。生态学原理及城市复合生态系统理论指导下的城市生态调控，是解决我国城市发展与环境保护问题，最终实现人与自然和谐统一、人与环境共同进化的重要途径。     

高速公路桥头差异沉降综合处治对策

由于台背路堤和桥台两者形成差异沉降，桥头跳车成为普遍且复杂的问题，对这一特殊路堤病害的成功处治尚不多见。近年来．加筋土结构的柔性桥台开始应用于工程实践，这种结构有可能从根本上防止桥头跳车的产生。本文针对高速公路桥头路基易产生差异沉降这一普遍现象，从理论与施工的角度进行探讨，并结合京珠高速公路粤境南段工程建设的实际，介绍了防止桥头跳车不良影响而采取的技术处理措施。经实践检验，综合处治对策取得了成功。