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961.
为有效发挥社会资本理论在我国应急管理领域的作用,采用文献研究方法在对社会资本概念界定和国内研究流派总结的基础上,详细梳理社会资本理论在我国应急管理领域不同发展时期及应急管理周期各环节的相关文献.结果表明:社会资本在我国应急管理领域的应用中存在概念界定不清晰、研究方法受限及研究侧重点不均衡困境.为克服研究困境,结合我国应...  相似文献   
962.
中国环境影响评价制度历经30年之完善发展,已成为构建和谐社会不可或缺之法律制度。然而近年来开发活动中由环境问题引发的诸多社会问题,暴露出环评对社会因素考虑之不足。本文在分析社会影响评价对环评辅助作用的基础上,提出在环境影响评价制度中引入社会影响评价机制的政策建议。并借鉴国外经验,进一步提出完善公众参与,为社会影响评价立法,制定相关规范、标准的构想。从技术层面,着重探讨了社会影响评价程序、方法和指标体系等。  相似文献   
963.
    
Abstract

Many local authorities use standardized environmental management systems (EMSs) to improve their environmental management. These authorities often find it difficult to manage environmental impact caused by their exercise of authority i.e. indirect environmental impact (IEI) within their EMSs. Since this is connected to their core activities, it is important to understand how IEI could be more efficiently managed with respect to EMS work. The purpose for this paper is to study if and how IEI could be managed within the framework of EMS. In this study we have identified two different approaches to managing IEI. Because managing IEI is complex, it is often ignored when initiating EMSs or managed by explicitly avoid mentioning the concept. Managing IEI is seen as a matter of maturity within the organization. The paper concludes with a discussion regarding a developed definition of IEI and how management of IEI could be facilitated.  相似文献   
964.
    
Concepts such as sustainability and sustainable development applied to companies have recently come under the spotlight pushed by stakeholders that are increasingly aware of the negative externalities such as climate change, biodiversity loss, and overexploitation. Several methodologies and tools have been developed encompassing standard, reporting tool, environmental, social, and governance rating tools and frameworks which are often not standardized and increase the uncertainties related to the selection of the most suitable tool or methodology to implement sustainable practices. The purpose of this paper is to design a logical tool, identified as a sustainability decision-making framework (SDMF), that can guide companies in the process of identifying a personalized, and strategic path toward sustainable development. Specifically, SDMF supports companies in (i) the assessment of material issues and key externalities through bilateral interaction with the key stakeholders, (ii) the adoption and implementation of sustainability through a proactive approach and (iii) reporting their non-financial externalities. Furthermore, an iterative morphological matrix was developed with the support of 20 sustainability experts and integrated within the SDMF to support the identification of the most suitable methodologies which can be used by companies to mitigate the relevant sustainability issues.  相似文献   
965.
    
Changing public attitudes and behaviour is key to achieving the UK target of a 60% reduction in carbon dioxide emissions by 2050. Top-down campaigns that have provided information to a passive public have not necessarily resulted in pro-environmental behavioural change. This paper examines the use of a personalised social marketing approach to engage the public in changing their personal travel. It provides the results of a project in the City of York to foster voluntary travel behavioural change. Using face-to-face discussions, personalised information and incentives, a statistically significant reduction in car use and an increase in cycling and the use of public transport were achieved over a six-month period. However, this change was not sustained 12 months later. The paper explores the contrasting perspectives on behavioural change and examines the possible lessons that can be learnt to foster voluntary behavioural change in other aspects of household consumption.  相似文献   
966.
    
This study analyses how firms act with regard to social responsibility from the perspective of Stakeholder Theory. The objective is to empirically analyse the importance of communication with stakeholders for social responsibility. This involves the establishment of a structural equation model that enables analysis of the empirical relationship between firms' degree of communication with stakeholders and the effectiveness of their corporate social responsibility, measured by corporate social performance (CSP). We adopt a Bayesian approach that enables exact inferences concerning the model's parameters and handles missing data by random imputations, thus increasing the study's reliability. The results obtained from a sample of 416 Spanish organisations show the importance of interacting and establishing channels of communication with different stakeholders in order to identify their specific demands and expectations. Indeed, communication with stakeholders helps firms to improve their CSP programmes and activities. We can thus conclude that failure to establish good communication channels could have a negative effect on social responsibility. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment  相似文献   
967.
    
Culture matters for credible corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. I show that firms located in countries with stronger cultural rule orientation are more likely to (a) receive assurance on their CSR report, (b) receive assurance from an accounting firm, (c) receive assurance in accordance with an assurance standard, and (d) receive assurance on their entire CSR report. Path analysis reveals that the direct effect of cultural rule orientation is much stronger than its indirect effect via legal institutions. I confirm the dominance of the direct effect in a qualitative comparative analysis. The economic significance of the direct effect is identified using probit regression analysis. Endogeneity concerns are addressed in a battery of robustness checks. Overall, the findings of this study provide a nuanced understanding of how culture affects credible CSR reporting, which, in turn, has important implications for managers, stakeholders, and policy makers.  相似文献   
968.
为探究多出口房间内出口开放状态未知情况下行人疏散选择策略,并评估信息传递对疏散过程中运动状态和疏散效率的影响,提出基于信息传递机制的出口寻踪社会力模型(SFM)。首先,在SFM中引入竞争机制,使模型仿真效果更加符合实际疏散场景;然后,研究理性策略与非理性策略引导下的疏散过程,探讨信息变更引发的羊群效应对整体疏散的影响;最后,引入信息传递机制,探索信息交流与合作对逃生路径的优化作用。结果表明:在紧急逃生情境中,对于个体行人而言,理性策略更为稳妥;但从群体行为学角度来看,存在一个最优群体策略分布,即当大约25%的行人选择理性策略,而剩余75%的行人选择非理性策略时,整个群体的疏散效果可以达到最优;通过引入信息传递机制,逃生行人能够有效地从周围人群中获得关键逃生信息,从而显著提高疏散效率。该机制的促进作用对实际开放出口较少的场景尤为明显。  相似文献   
969.
针对大跨径、细长、轻型化人行桥在运动人群荷载激励下异常振动问题,以简支梁作为桥梁基本模型,以社会力模型作为行人基本模型,描述行人步行速度和动态步行频率特征,建立考虑行人步行力驱动的人群-桥梁耦合振动模型,分析行人和人行桥相关参数对系统耦合横向振动的影响机制。研究结果表明:桥上行人数量超过一定规模后,会出现人群-桥梁系统同步及人行桥大幅度横向振动现象;同步过程可通过行人相位变化率判定,序参量R下限值为0.6时,系统达到同步状态;行人到达率增大,引发共振的临界人数逐渐下降,达到同步的时间趋于增加;行人到达率不变时,行人对人行桥振动的敏感度C值增加使系统达到同步时间降低;人行桥基本参数比例一定时,长度变化会对临界人数产生显著影响;阻尼比增加,结构产生大幅度横向振动的时间延长,达到一定值时,人群-桥梁系统不会发生同步。  相似文献   
970.
产业绿色转型需要增量成本与差异化调控,而营商环境优化则要求降低企业成本与市场主体一视同仁,致使优化营商环境进程中,法律规范存在重“形式平等”而轻“实质平等”的现实。只有实现营商环境法治化,通过法律形式固定产业绿色转型中的权力职责与权利义务,产业绿色转型的实质平等需求方能真正落实。然而,营商环境法治化的实现路径存在营商环境法治化就是限制公权力与产业绿色转型仅需补足经济成本两种误区。应当明确,产业绿色转型中营商环境法治化并非限制政府权力,而是要求政府合理行使公权力,即在法治框架内为产业绿色转型提供有效公共资源。并且,产业绿色转型的经济激励仅能是一时手段,营商环境法治化不应仅关注局部的经济成本,更应为产业发展设置合理的框架与边界,重视产业整体的协调。事实上,产业绿色转型中企业与政府相比更具专业性与技术先进性,具有量体裁衣式的优势,必须构建企业需求导向的营商环境法治化,即分担转型成本与降低转型风险。一方面,分担成本路径要求实现产业绿色转型的社会共治,包括规范制定、纠纷解决与生命周期;另一方面,降低风险路径需要产业绿色转型的制度激励,既要从主观上增强企业获取价值的确信,又应在客观上保障企业转型风险可控。  相似文献   
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