过氧化钙去除水中糖皮质激素的响应面分析

结合响应面方法Box-Behnken实验设计,对过氧化钙降解代表性糖皮质激素曲安奈德过程中的影响因素（过氧化钙投加量、溶液初始pH值、反应时间、糖皮质激素初始浓度）进行了探讨与分析,并对反应条件进行了优化.得出最优反应条件为：过氧化钙投加量4g/L;溶液初始pH值5.7,反应时间15.7min,初始TA浓度为0.06mmol/L.最优条件下模型预测的目标物降解率（88.6%）和实验得出的降解率（82.8%）数值接近,说明此响应面模型能够较准确预测过氧化钙对糖皮质激素的去除效果,并用电子顺磁共振仪对过氧化钙降解有机物过程中的作用自由基进行了检测.研究结果对过氧化钙技术去除有机污染物的发展有一定的参考价值.     

Does job insecurity threaten who you are? Introducing a social identity perspective to explain well‐being and performance consequences of job insecurity

This paper introduces a social identity perspective to job insecurity research. Worrying about becoming jobless, we argue, is detrimental because it implies an anticipated membership of a negatively evaluated group—the group of unemployed people. Job insecurity hence threatens a person's social identity as an employed person. This in turn will affect well‐being and job performance. A three‐wave survey study amongst 377 British employees supports this perspective. Persons who felt higher levels of job insecurity were more likely to report a weaker social identity as an employed person. This effect was found to be stable over time and also held against a test of reverse causality. Furthermore, social identity as an employed person influenced well‐being and in‐role job performance and mediated the effect of job insecurity on these two variables over time. Different to the expectations, social identity as an employed person and organisational proactivity were not connected. The findings deliver interesting evidence for the role of social identity as an employed person in the relationships between job insecurity and its consequences. Theoretically, this perspective illustrates the individual and group‐related nature of job insecurity and offers a novel way of connecting work situations with individual well‐being, behaviour and attitudes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

油气泄漏火灾下FPSO热-结构耦合分析

针对FPSO油气泄漏引发的火灾风险,建立热-结构耦合分析模型,采用ANSYS Workbench软件对工艺区设备泄漏、火灾事故及灾害下结构响应进行数值模拟,重点分析工艺处理模块Ⅰ区设备温度分布及热变形情况。通过对比不同油气泄漏速率和环境风速下火灾发展、危害范围和结构受损程度,探讨油气泄漏孔孔径和风速对火灾后果的影响。结果表明:稳定发展火灾下工艺处理模块Ⅰ区设备周围环境维持高温状态;泄漏孔附近结构受损最严重,原油热处理器受火灾损害发生大的变形;随泄漏孔孔径增大,火灾危害范围扩大,结构发生大变形的区域增大,d=40 mm时原油热处理器受损最严重,d=60mm时结构受损区域最大,大部分结构受损程度加剧;来风风速的变大使得火灾更加剧烈,设备受损区域扩大,受损程度加剧,结构火灾风险加大。     

Sensitivity evaluation of the visual,tactile, and auditory detection response task method while driving

Objectives: In this article, we evaluate the sensitivity to cognitive load of 3 versions of the Detection Response Task method (DRT), proposed in ISO Draft Standard DIS-17488.

Methods: We present a user study with 30 participants in which we compared the sensitivity to cognitive load of visual, audio, and tactile DRT in a simulated driving environment. The amount of cognitive load was manipulated with secondary n-back tasks at 2 levels of difficulty (0-back and 1-back). We also explored whether the DRT method is least sensitive to cognitive load when the stimuli and secondary task are of the same modality. For this purpose, we used 3 forms to present the n-back task stimuli: visual, audio, and tactile. Responses to the task were always vocal. The experiment was based on a between-subject design (the DRT modalities) with 2 levels of within-subject design study (modalities and difficulty of the secondary n-back tasks). The participants' primary task in the study was to drive safely, and a second priority was to answer to DRT stimuli and perform secondary tasks.

Results: The results indicate that all 3 versions of the DRT tested were sensitive to detecting the difference in cognitive load between the reference driving period and driving and engaging in the secondary tasks. Only the visual DRT discriminated between the 0-back and 1-back conditions on mean response time. Contrary to expectations, no interaction was observed between DRT modality and the stimuli modality used for presentation of the secondary tasks.

Conclusions: None of the 3 methods of presenting DRT stimuli showed a consistent advantage in sensitivity in differentiating multiple levels of cognitive load if all response times, hit rates, and secondary task performance are considered. If only response time is considered, the visual presentation of the DRT stimulus used in this study showed some advantages. In interpreting these data, it should be noted that the methods of DRT stimulus presentation varied somewhat from the currently proposed draft ISO standard and it is possible that the relative salience level of the visual DRT stimulus influenced the findings. It is further suggested that more than 2 levels of difficulty of the n-back task should be considered for further investigation of the relative sensitivity of different DRT stimuli modalities. Parameters that indicate change in cognitive load (response time, hit rate, task performance) should be analyzed together in assessing the overall impact on the driver and not individually, in order to obtain a fuller insight of the assessed cognitive load.     

Representativity and univocity of traffic signs and their effect on trajectory movement in a driving simulation task: Warning signs

Objective: The effect of traffic signs on the behavior of drivers is not completely understood. Knowing about how humans process the meaning of signs (not just by learning but instinctively) will improve reaction time and decision making when traveling. The economic, social, and psychological consequences of car accidents are well known.

Methods: This study sounds out which traffic signs are more ergonomic for participants, from a cognitive point of view, and determines, at the same time, their effect in participants' movement trajectories in a driving simulation task.

Results: Results point out that the signs least representative of their meaning produce a greater deviation from the center of the road than the most representative ones.

Conclusions: This study encourages both an in-depth analysis of the effect on movement of roadside signs and the study of how this effect can be modified by the context in which these signs are presented (with the aim to move the research closer to and analyze the data in real contexts). The goal is to achieve clarity of meaning and lack of counterproductive effects on the trajectory of representative signs (those that provoke fewer mistakes in the decision task).     

突发灾害事件中的社会控制探微

突发灾害事件的处置将是我国长期面临的一项重大课题,如何对其予以健全和强化社会控制是一个亟待加强的研究视角.本文从探讨社会控制的一般理论入手,重点解析突发灾害事件中如何进行社会控制,在此基础上剖析当前我国突发灾害事件社会控制的主要问题,并有针对性地提出政策建议.     

城市绿地系统服务价值定量评价的研究进展

文章从生态服务价值的角度出发,综合评述了目前国内外城市绿地系统服务价值研究动态,包括固碳释氧、降温增湿、防灾减灾等生态、社会效益的货币化度量,以及国外利用"3S"技术构建城市绿地系统服务价值评价模型等方面。指出当前城市绿地系统服务价值评价的两个新方向是:城市绿地与房地产价格之间的相关性,以及城市绿地防灾减灾功能的探讨与研究。     

浅析化学事故应急响应专线的发展

纵观国外同类化学事故应急咨询机构30多年的发展经验,结合化学事故应急响应专线的现状,提出了扩大化学事故应急响应专线的服务范围、加强化学事故技术支持体系的建设及加强与国内外同类机构的交流与合作等发展建议。     

响应面方法优化光催化降解抗生素类污染物过程研究

近年来抗生素类污染物对环境的影响及其生态毒性日益引起广大研究者的关注。对TiO2光催化降解典型抗生素类污染物磺胺二甲嘧啶（SMT）进行了研究。采用中心组合设计方法（CCD）进行试验设计,使用响应面方法（RSM）对光催化过程中的影响因素（TiO2浓度、初始磺胺二甲嘧啶浓度、双氧水浓度）进行了探讨和分析,并对反应过程进行了优化。优化结果表明,最佳反应条件为：TiO2浓度1.74 g/L、初始磺胺二甲嘧啶浓度20.0 mg/L、双氧水浓度106.28 mg/L,在优化条件下的磺胺二甲嘧啶光催化实际去除率为83.6%。响应面方法能够优化光催化条件,预测光催化结果,有利于优化光反应器的设计,对于工程化光催化水处理技术的发展具有一定的参考价值。     

Using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as a model animal for assessing the toxicity induced by microcystin-LR

Among more than 75 variants of microcystin(MC),microcystin-LR(MC-LR) is one of the most common toxins.In this study,the feasibility of using Caenorhabditis elegans to evaluate MC-LR toxicity was studied.C.elegans was treated with MC-LR at different concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 80 μg/L.The results showed that MC-LR could reduce lifespan,delay development,lengthen generation time,decrease brood size,suppress locomotion behavior,and decreases hsp-16-2-gfp expression.The endpoints of generation time,brood...