硫酸体系退镀回收ABS电镀件的工艺

利用H2O2-H2SO4体系作为退镀液,考察硫酸浓度、双氧水浓度、液固比和反应时间等因素对丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯聚合物(ABS)电镀件退镀效果的影响。寻求使ABS塑料和金属完全分离的最优工艺条件。在硫酸质量分数为15%,双氧水质量分数7%,液固比为10,反应时间为50 min时,退镀率可达到99.45%。最后得到硫酸铜、硫酸镍和硫酸的混合溶液,经过探讨选择电积脱铜-蒸发结晶的方式得到阴极铜、海绵铜、黑铜、粗制硫酸镍、黑酸等。     

腐殖酸修饰凹凸棒对U(Ⅵ)的吸附性能及机理

采用腐殖酸(HA)修饰凹凸棒(ATP)制备得到腐殖酸/凹凸棒(HA/ATP),用于去除废水中的U(Ⅵ).通过静态吸附实验,研究了溶液初始pH、投加量、吸附时间和初始浓度对吸附的影响,并用扫描电镜(SEM),X射线能谱图(EDS),傅里叶红外光谱仪(FITR)分析吸附机理.实验结果表明,去除率随时间的增大而增大,在120 min内可以达到平衡;吸附剂投加量越大,溶液pH =6左右时越有利于U(Ⅵ)的去除;HA/ATP能多次重复使用,且经过5次吸附解吸后对U(Ⅵ)的去除率仍能达到96％.吸附过程均符合Langmuir和Frendlich等温方程.较之准一级动力学,准二级动力学模型能更好地拟合实验数据.SEM-EDS、FITR分析结果表明,U(Ⅵ)被成功地吸附到了HA/ATP的表面,吸附机理为络合作用.     

腐植酸强化苯酚厌氧发酵降解

在无外加电子受体的条件下,首次研究了腐植酸对活性污泥厌氧降解苯酚的影响。研究结果表明,腐植酸Suwannee River Humic Acid Standard(SR-HA)、Leonardite Humic Acid Standard(L-HA)和Pahokee Peat Humic Acid(PP-HA)作为氧化还原介体能够提高苯酚的厌氧发酵降解效率。其中腐植酸PP-HA对苯酚的厌氧降解表现出了最为明显的强化效果,反应进行36 h后,苯酚去除率提高了18.5%。当单独投加的PP-HA浓度在0至100 mg/L范围内,苯酚的厌氧降解效率随着腐植酸浓度增加而逐渐提高,而浓度大于100 mg/L后,腐植酸对苯酚降解效率的促进作用随着PP-HA浓度的增加逐渐减缓。除此之外,当低浓度的蒽醌-2-磺酸钠(AQS)(0.02 mM)和PP-HA(20 mg/L)在反应体系中共存时,相比于无介体存在的对照组,苯酚厌氧降解效率提高了约1.4倍。产物分析结果表明,乙酸和CH4作为苯酚发酵降解的重要产物被检测出来。最后,在氧化还原介体腐植酸的存在下,初步探讨了苯酚厌氧发酵降解的代谢途径。     

聚硅酸钛制备及其助凝特性

采用在活化硅酸制备过程中加入适量TiCl4的方法,试制了一种新型无机高分子助凝剂—聚硅酸钛。研究了不同/条件下制备的聚硅酸钛在固定pH值的水中分散物的粒径和Zeta电位随着活化时间的变化趋势,并与活化硅酸作比较。结果表明,在Si/Ti=20,活化48 h的条件下能制备出较为稳定的聚硅酸钛。与活化硅酸相比,聚硅酸钛在水中的分散物具有较大的粒径和更高的Zeta电位。通过对比制备的活化硅酸和聚硅酸钛的红外图谱发现,聚硅酸钛中有Ti-O-Si键,证明钛离子参与了聚合反应,新生成的化学键提高了它的聚合度和稳定性。采用硫酸铝为混凝剂,聚硅酸钛为助凝剂进行混凝除浊实验。测定了絮凝体的Zeta电位和混凝沉淀后的上清液浊度,研究了硫酸铝投加量和混凝pH对聚硅酸钛助凝效果的影响。结果表明,投加适量的聚硅酸钛助凝剂,明显提高了混凝除浊效果且拓宽了有效混凝pH值的范围。     

硫酸盐还原菌污泥固定化特性

采用玉米芯为碳源,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为包埋载体,饱和硼酸(H3BO3)为交联剂,研究了硫酸盐还原菌污泥(SRBS)、铁屑、麦饭石共固处理合成煤矿酸性废水的最优配比与机理,并分析了固定化过程中小球稳定性及活性的变化规律。实验结果表明,SRBS投加量是影响处理效果的最显著因子,当投加30%SRBS、2%铁屑、3%麦饭石时SO42-、Mn2+去除率分别为94.13%和84.39%,溶液pH为7.03,未检测出Fe2+;随着交联时间的延长,小球膨胀率及SO42-还原率分别呈线性与指数下降,从保持小球稳定性与活性角度考虑,可将交联时间设定为4~8 h;该法可为市政污泥的处置以及生物法处理煤矿酸性废水的工程应用提供技术参考。     

发烟硫酸贮罐清洗安全技术

根据事故隐患分析 ,采取安全措施 ,成功地用中和法清洗发烟硫酸贮罐 ,并提出了贮罐的改进措施。     

树脂相分光光度法测定水中痕量苦味酸

建立了树脂相分光光度法测定水中痕量苦味酸的新方法。该法灵敏度高,表观摩尔吸光系数为1.08×105L/(mol·cm);精密度理想(测定苦味酸质量浓度为5μg/mL的实验5次,相对标准偏差为1.0%);线性范围为0～7.0μg/mL;以3σ衡量,检出限为0.14μg/mL;加标回收率为97%～103%。采用该法直接测定水样中的苦味酸、间接测定烟草中的烟碱,结果令人满意。     

柠檬酸生产废水处理技术

分析了柠檬酸生产废水的来源及水质特性,综述了厌氧生物法、厌氧-好氧生物组合法、乳状液膜法等在柠檬酸废水处理中的应用,介绍了中和废水回用和利用柠檬酸发酵废液开发糖化酶制剂的技术。     

Comparative Biodegradation Study of Starch- and Polylactic Acid-Based Materials

The degradation of starch- and polylactic acid-based plastic films by microorganisms extracted from compost was studied in a liquid medium. The various degradation products produced were measured throughout the duration of the experiment, and total carbon balances were estimated. For an easily biodegradable material, the evolution of the way carbon repartitioned between different degradation products was quite similar whatever the experimental condition or the type of substrate. On the other hand, for a resistant material exposed to these microorganisms, the nature of the biodegradation depended strongly on the experimental conditions. In the latter case, a differential scanning calorimetry analysis confirmed the importance of the applied norm on the state of the residual material. The consequences for improved methods of estimation of biodegradability of these materials are discussed.     

Application of a Second-Order Kinetic Model to a Complex Melt Polymerization Reaction

A novel copolymer system has been synthesized using methyl hydroquinone diacetate (MHQDA), 1,4 naphthalene dicarboxylic acid (1,4 NDCA), and polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) using the melt polymerization technique. The optimum kinetic parameters pertinent to this system are reported in this study. A simple second-order reaction sequence summarizes catalyzed and uncatalyzed reactions between MHQDA, 1,4 NDCA, and PBT. The kinetic parameters for the copolymerization reaction were determined using a new second-order model. This technique was used to compute the moles of acetic acid generated in the polymerization process. The model was compared to that of the experimentally determined data. Close comparison (percentage error of less than 5%) was obtained between the experimental and theoretical data. The kinetic data support block copolyester formation. The thermal data also supports formation of block polymers.