顶空气相色谱法测定食品中甜蜜素含量

采用顶空气相色谱法测定食品中甜蜜素含量,探讨了气液相平衡条件及色谱条件的选择,实验结果表明甜蜜素的标准溶液在0.1-0.4μg/l范围内具有良好的线性关系,回收率为87.5%-101.8%,相对标准偏差为2.6%.     

污水处理厂消毒技术对抗生素抗性菌的强化去除

基于消毒技术对污水处理厂出水中总异养菌(total heterotrophic bacteria,HPC)及5种抗生素抗性菌(antibiotic resistant bacteria,ARB):氨苄霉素抗性菌(AMP)、红霉素抗性菌(ERY)、四环素抗性菌(TET)、卡那霉素抗性菌(KAN)、环丙沙星抗性菌(CIP)的去除情况研究,分析消毒技术对ARB的强化去除效果.结果表明,实际污水处理厂的紫外消毒对ARB去除率仅为18.2%~40.9%,且AMP含量最高;另外,消毒技术对ERY有选择性去除效果,对其他4种ARB无明显选择性去除效果(P0.05);最后结合次氯酸钠、臭氧、紫外消毒处理对COD、NH_4~+-N的去除效果,确定强化去除ARB的消毒方式中臭氧,次氯酸钠和紫外的最佳浓度和剂量依次为5.0 mg·L~(-1)、25.0 mg·L~(-1)和45.0 m J·cm~(-2),ARB去除率依次为45.5%~74.5%、66.1%~85.5%、68.6%~85.5%,另外次氯酸钠耦合紫外消毒强化去除ARB的效果更佳.     

过硫酸钠原位修复三氯乙烯污染土壤的模拟研究

以过硫酸钠(Na₂S₂O₈)为氧化剂,柠檬酸(CA)螯合Fe(Ⅱ)溶液作为活化剂,建立箱体模型模拟场地三氯乙烯(TCE)污染土壤的原位化学氧化修复.结果表明,经CA螯合Fe(Ⅱ)活化的Na₂S₂O₈能较好的修复TCE污染土壤,持续氧化27 d后TCE浓度降到10 mg·kg^-1以下;采用抽出氧化、循环再用的方式,地下水TCE浓度到45 d时降到21.4 μg·L^-1.同时,氧化过程中过硫酸钠会产生SO₄^2-,使土壤和地下水的pH降低;土壤有机质含量下降约10.1%.     

Supercritical water oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol and desizing wastewater：Influence of NaOH on the organic decomposition

Polyvinyl alcohol is a refractory compound widely used in industry. Here we report supercritical water oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol solution and desizing wastewater with and without sodium hydroxide addition. However, it is difficult to implement complete degradation of organics even though polyvinyl alcohol can readily crack under supercritical water treatment. Sodium hydroxide had a significant catalytic effect during the supercritical water oxidation of polyvinyl alcohol. It appears that the OH ion participated in the C-C bond cleavage of polyvinyl alcohol molecules, the CO2-capture reaction and the neutralization of intermediate organic acids, promoting the overall reactions moving in the forward direction. Acetaldehyde was a typical intermediate product during reaction. For supercritical water oxidation of desizing wastewater, a high destruction rate (98.25%) based on total organic carbon was achieved. In addition, cases where initial wastewater was alkaline were favorable for supercritical water oxidation treatment, but salt precipitation and blockage issues arising during the process need to be taken into account seriously.     

基于ImageJ评价泥炭岩心存储对色相与彩度的影响

利用ImageJ软件对2008年在红原泥炭地开展钻探时的泥炭岩心照片和2009年分样时的岩心照片进行表面色彩分析.对比分析发现,存储以前和存储以后泥炭岩心的表面色彩发生改变,表现在样品存储后基于RGB色彩体系的三元色值和灰度值均有降低(变暗),且各色值变化幅度降低.就各色值在剖面上的变化特征而言,样品存储前和存储后的变...     

氟硅酸钠废水处理与循环利用探讨

从芒硝法（Na2SO4）氟硅酸钠生产工艺过程分析了氟硅酸钠母液废水的来源和主要成分,剖析了现有污水处理工艺过程存在的三个方面缺陷,并从实施清洁生产、节能减排和完善治理设施两方面提出了改进对策,全面实现了废水的循环利用。     

Effect of two-stage sodium hydroxide pretreatment on the composition and structure of Napier grass (Pakchong 1) (Pennisetum purpureum)

ABSTRACT

Sodium hydroxide is ideal in removing lignin from lignocellulosic materials at an effective operational cost. Two-stage NaOH pretreatment was employed herein to investigate lignin and hemicellulose removal and understand the morphology of Napier grass (Pakchong 1) (Pennisetum purpureum), which is considered lignocellulosic due to its high carbohydrate content. NaOH was used at different concentrations (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 wt.%) and presoak times (1, 2, 3, and 4 h). The results demonstrated that 3 wt.% NaOH at 121°C without presoak resulted in 83.5% lignin removal, with a cellulose to lignin ratio of 3.0. Moreover, the treated samples showed cracking and irregular patterns at optimal conditions.     

用次氯酸钠法处理选矿废水

采用次氯酸钠法处理铅锌硫化矿选矿废水,考察了废水初始pH、NaClO加入量及反应时间对选矿废水COD去除率的影响。在废水pH为4、NaClO加入量为100g/L、反应时间为30min的条件下,选矿废水的COD去除率可达到98．3％;当pH为11、反应时间为10min、NaClO加入量为1g/L时,选矿废水的COD去除率为39．4％。     

利用隆线溞趋光行为检测水体中五氯酚钠和镉的研究

采用自主选育的隆线溞单克隆体作为试验生物,研究了五氯酚钠(PCP-Na)和镉对隆线溞趋光指数的影响,并与急性毒性试验方法进行了比较.结果表明,在试验浓度范围内,水溞的趋光指数分别随五氯酚钠和镉浓度的升高而降低,呈极显著线性关系,说明隆线溞趋光指数的变化可以指示水体中这2种毒物的生物有效浓度.PCP-Na使隆线溞趋光指数(3h)发生显著改变的下限浓度为0.18 mg·L～,远低于LC50(96 h)(0.59 mg·L-1),上限浓度大于3.20 mg·L-1,也远高于LC50(24h)(0.73 mg·L-1),表明隆线溞趋光指数法比急性毒性试验法的灵敏度高,检测范围大,耗时短.在试验溶液范围内,五氯酚钠和镉之间不存在明确的相互作用关系.     

负压二次曝气二氧化氯发生器的研制与应用

以氯酸钠和工业盐酸为基本原料,采用独特的负压二次曝气工艺,在催化剂作用下,经氧化还原反应产生以二氧化氯为主的混合消毒气体,经吸收后形成一定浓度的二氧化氯混合消毒液,与待处理水充分混合,达到杀菌消毒的目的。