含钒废渣生产五氧化二钒的沉钒废水的处理研究

简要介绍了含钒废渣生产五氧化二钒的工艺,阐述了沉钒废水对人体和环境的危害,陈述了两种工艺沉钒废水的主要成分及浓度,分析了共性和特性。并针对不同的生产方法及沉钒废水的性质,分别选择制定合理的废水处理方案,为环境影响评价工作提供一定的科学依据。     

海南马尾藻海藻酸钠的提取工艺及表征

采用正交试验方案首次研究了海南马尾藻海藻酸钠的提取工艺,得出最佳的提取工艺条件:Na2CO3浓度为2%、消化温度为55℃、消化时间为3h,海藻酸钠提取率最高达40.4%.用FTIR表征发现,提取的马尾藻海藻酸钠与市场售的海带海藻酸钠在结构上差别不大,同时测得提取海藻酸钠的分子量为36万、粘度为185mPa.S,高于GB1976-80要求的150mPa.S.     

次氯酸钠处理水煤气废水中的氧化还原电位变化研究

介绍了利用次氯酸钠的强氧化作用来处理含硫水煤气废水。NaClO与水中S^2-等还原性物质的反应为典型的氧化还原反应,随着S^2-的被氧化,其氧化还原电位是变化的。针对这点,本文主要研究NaClO的投加量对S^2-氧化还原电位的影响,并以此来控制实际工程中NaClO的投加量,防止NaClO的过量投加带来对设备的腐蚀和对水煤气质量的影响。     

一起双氧水储罐爆炸事故的原因调查

错将水玻璃加到双氧水中,致使双氧水储罐爆炸,炸飞的罐体挂断供电线路,全厂断电停产23 h,经济损失100多万元,无人员伤亡.     

一起氰化物泄漏事故应急处置措施预后效果追踪及其有效性探讨

采取何种应急措施对在复杂条件下意外泄漏的固态氰化钠进行处理尚无相关案例可借鉴.提出在复杂条件下采用碱性氯化法有效地处置泄漏固体氰化物的应急方案,对于类似事故的处置具有一定的借鉴和参考作用.     

基于公众安全防护的含硫气井分级监管建议

通过对我国含硫气井安全生产监管现状的调研,对比国外含硫气井安全监管的作法,分析了我国含硫气井安全生产监管工作中公众安全保护方面存在问题。基于含硫气井公众危害程度分级方法,结合我国实际情况,从公众安全防护的角度,提出了实施含硫气井分级监管的若干建议。本文的研究结果,可以为我国含硫气田安全监管工作进一步完善提供参考。     

硫化油生产过程的活性反应危害识别与评估

利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、反应量热仪（RC1和快速筛选仪（RSD）等仪器设备,对硫化油合成过程的热特征和压力特征进行系统研究,发现该反应为微吸热的过程,但仍应严格控制工艺参数,如压力、温度等。防止反应器中混入水等低沸点物质,导致容器超压。反应器内避免混入空气、硝酸等禁忌物料,防止因活性反应而引发灾害性燃爆事故。     

Vertical distribution of acid-volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metals in mangrove sediments from the Jiulong River Estuary,Fujian, China

Background Acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) is operationally defined as sulfides in sediment, which are soluble in cold acid, and is reported as the most active part of the total sulfur in aquatic sediments. It is a key partitioning phase controlling the activities of divalent cationic heavy metals in sediment. Methods In order to examine this in mangrove environments, six sites were selected along the Jiulong River Estuary in Fujian, China, which had previously been reported to be polluted by heavy metals. Sediments were sampled from 0–60 cm depth at each site, and the spatial distribution of AVS and SEM (simultaneously extracted metals: copper, cadmium, zinc, and lead) were determined. Results and Discussion The results indicate that the AVS concentrations had a spatial variation, ranging from 0.24 to 16.10 μmol g⁻¹ sediment dry weight. The AVS concentration in the surface layer is lower than that of the deeper sediment, with peak values in the 15–30 cm horizon. There was no correlation between the AVS value and organic matter content or total dissolved salts, but a significant positive correlation of AVS with surface sediment (0–5 cm) moisture content was found. This indicates that water logged sediments tend to have a high AVS value. The amount of SEM was within the range of 0.33–2.80 μmol g⁻¹ sediment dry weight and decreased with sediment depth. Conclusions There was a marked variation in AVS and SEM among different sites studied. AVS concentrations were generally lower in the surface sediments, while SEM concentrations slightly decreased with the depth. Higher concentrations of SEM found in the upper layers of the sediments confirm the earlier suggestions that this study area may suffer from increasing heavy metal pollution. Recommendations and Perspectives When monitoring environmental impacts by using AVS, the micro and large-scale spatial variation as well as vertical distribution need to be estimated to avoid misleading results. Both AVS and SEM concentrations in different sediment layers should be taken into account in assessing the potential impact of heavy metals on the biotic environment.     

磷钼杂多化合物脱除H2S回收硫磺反应机理研究

综合运用离子选择电极分析、微分量热分析与能谱分析等手段对磷钼杂多酸钠盐与硫化氢的反应机理进行了研究,发现1)磷钼酸钠体系在脱硫过程中具有稳定的化学性能,脱硫产物中基本不含Mo,V的物相;2)脱硫过程中,复配体系磷钼酸钠与偏钒酸钠独立作用,两者之间不存在协同效应;3)磷钼酸钠吸收H     

大气中碳氮硫化合物光化学反应的化学耦合作用

从遥远海洋到重污染地区,在很宽的大气条件下,用灵敏度分析法研究了光化学典型产物O3的形成机理及其化学耦合作用,指出了影响形成O3的重要反应,在一些条件下,O3浓度对一些重要化学反应的速率常数的归一化灵敏度系数异号,由于碳、氮化合物的化学耦合作用的非性现象使O3生成增加。大气中一些重要的光化学产物如O3,HNO3,HCHO,H2O2等形成中,DMS的化学耦合是弱耦合。