深厚软弱场地地震反应特性研究

以南京、盐城、上海的 3个典型场地作为长江下游地区深厚软弱场地的代表 ,探讨了深厚软弱场地的地震效应特性。首先 ,利用南京工业大学岩土工程研究所自行研制的GZZ 1自振柱试验机 ,对 3个典型场地的原状土样进行试验研究 ,获得了各类典型土的动剪切模量和阻尼比随剪应变的变化曲线 ;其次 ,选用Taft、ElCentro和Northridge地震记录作为输入地震动 ,将Taft、ElCentro和Northridge地震波加速度时程的峰值水平调整为 0 .35m/s2 ,0 .70m/s2和 0 .98m/s2 ,利用程序SHAKE91对 3个场地进行了输入不同地震波、不同峰值加速度水平的 2 7种组合的地震反应分析。数值分析表明 :场地条件和基岩输入地震动特性对土层的地震加速度放大效应有显著影响 ,地表处的地震加速度放大系数随着输入地震波峰值的增加而减小 ,土层内部的这种规律性不如地表处表现得明显 ;地表软弱土的存在使土层地表处的地震加速度放大系数急剧增大 ,场地内部软弱土夹层处的地震加速度放大系数急剧增大 ,强震时易失效 ;互层土特殊的层理构造会造成该土层的剪应变幅值急剧增大。     

Between national soft regulations and strong economic incentives: local climate and energy strategies in Sweden

This paper contributes to the current discussion on whether ‘soft’ regulation actually influences policy outcomes by examining the effects of national policy instruments on municipal climate and energy planning. Sweden has experienced shifts in the incentive context over the last decades complementing soft planning regulations with stringent conditions for getting national economic support to local energy and climate action. We hypothesize that when soft regulations are surrounded by detailed conditions for getting state support, there will be higher degrees of local institutionalization of climate and energy strategies. The importance of economic support as part of national policy is confirmed by evidence from local energy and climate strategies and from interviews with local decision-makers. We also find that specific municipal features such as earlier municipal engagement in national support programs and relevant inter-municipal networks function as drivers for the institutionalization of local action.     

日本地震实时监测系统中液化识别方法可行性研究

日本地震超高密度实时监测系统(SUPREME)建设中的核心技术之一是依据强震记录对液化场地进行反演识别,系统中目前使用的是Suzuki法,但实际应用效果并不理想。选取不同地震下多种类别场地上的实际地震记录,对Suzuki法的适用性进行了研究,讨论了其不同指标对不同类别场地识别结果的影响。分析表明:Suzuki法对不同类别非液化场地的识别能力不同,最显著的缺陷是易将软土场地与液化场地混淆;方法所使用的4个识别指标中,过零周期为控制参数,其它指标仅起到初判作用;方法出现误判的原因是液化场地的过零周期范围与非液化中软土场地上的过零周期范围存在明显交叉,而这一点理论上是无法避免的客观存在;改进的方法是应放弃现有进行绝对值对比的做法,改用地震动某些参数的相对变化作为新的识别指标。     

论环境合同的“软法”属性及其证成

对于环境合同的属性的认识主要存在绅士协议说与契约说两种观点,但从软法的视角对环境合同性质进行界定则鲜有论述。作为人类社会行为规范的一种表现形式,软法在世界各国早已存在,只是在国内法语境层面上探讨的相对较少。环境合同的软法属性的证成正是基于环境合同的性质与软法构成要件之间的契合以及环境法软法渊源形态具有的动态、开放、与时俱进的特性。     

Intertidal macrofaunal communities in an intensely polluted estuary

The Bilbao estuary (northern Spain) has suffered a serious environmental deterioration due to industrial and domestic discharges during decades. A total of 21 sampling stations were selected in order to: (1) study the intertidal fauna distribution on both hard and soft bottoms; (2) link this information with the prevalence of certain environmental variables at the sampling sites; and (3) define distinct biological zones with all the information gathered. Up to 50 taxa were identified mainly in the outer estuary with an abrupt decrease upstream. In general, fauna on hard substrates was more diverse, while soft bottom communities exhibited a more consistent structure. Sporadic hypoxic events were recorded in the water column of all the sites studied, which affects the distribution of species. Three major biotic zones are proposed in the estuary. This provides a reliable biomonitoring tool for assessing the effectiveness of a sewerage and remediation scheme ongoing on the river and evaluating the future use of each area in the urban development of the city of Bilbao and conurbation.     

Modeling Effectiveness of Gradual Increases in Source Level to Mitigate Effects of Sonar on Marine Mammals

Ramp‐up or soft‐start procedures (i.e., gradual increase in the source level) are used to mitigate the effect of sonar sound on marine mammals, although no one to date has tested whether ramp‐up procedures are effective at reducing the effect of sound on marine mammals. We investigated the effectiveness of ramp‐up procedures in reducing the area within which changes in hearing thresholds can occur. We modeled the level of sound killer whales (Orcinus orca) were exposed to from a generic sonar operation preceded by different ramp‐up schemes. In our model, ramp‐up procedures reduced the risk of killer whales receiving sounds of sufficient intensity to affect their hearing. The effectiveness of the ramp‐up procedure depended strongly on the assumed response threshold and differed with ramp‐up duration, although extending the duration of the ramp up beyond 5 min did not add much to its predicted mitigating effect. The main factors that limited effectiveness of ramp up in a typical antisubmarine warfare scenario were high source level, rapid moving sonar source, and long silences between consecutive sonar transmissions. Our exposure modeling approach can be used to evaluate and optimize mitigation procedures. Modelado de la Efectividad de los Incrementos Graduales en el Nivel de la Fuente para Mitigar Efectos de Sonar sobre Mamíferos Marinos     

提高电除尘器过滤效率的软稳电除尘技术及其应用

主要介绍了在国家外排粉尘浓度标准日益严格，普通电除尘器很难达标的背景下，提高电除尘器过滤效率的一种新技术软稳电除尘技术的原理和应用。     

水岩耦合作用对软岩巷道变形影响的数值模拟

煤矿软岩巷道支护问题是制约煤矿安全高效生产的技术难题之一,在不同形式的地下水影响下,巷道支护难度急剧增加。为了研究水岩耦合作用对软岩巷道变形的影响规律,基于FLAC3D数值模拟方法对变孔隙水压力作用下软岩巷道围岩位移场和应力场演化规律进行了仿真研究。结果表明,孔隙水压力对软岩巷道的稳定性具有显著影响,且孔隙水压力的演化趋势与应力场演化特征具有同步性。在巷道围岩均布孔隙水压力的条件下,孔隙水压力对两帮的影响范围大于顶底板,圆拱形巷道弧顶正上方1.435~4.21 m范围内应力集中程度可达到原孔隙水压力的3.09~4.03倍,逐渐向外围扩展为扇形面的孔隙压力等值区域,在巷道的下方孔隙水压力呈"W"形分界面。     

深部软岩煤巷围岩变形分析与控制技术研究

根据深部软岩煤巷围岩力学性质,借助有限差分软件FLAC程序,模拟软岩煤巷开挖未支护巷道和U型钢支护巷道围岩变形破坏全过程,得到围岩应力场、位移场和塑性区变化规律。结果表明,解决底板问题是维护深部软岩煤巷整体稳定的关键,巷道底鼓与两帮收敛两者是相互关联的,提高围岩本身强度参数是围岩控制的重点。由此提出大刚度高阻力联合支护技术,即应用高阻力预应力锚杆进行锚网支护的基础上,以注浆加固和反底拱对底板进行控制,同时配合大刚度U型钢支护,适时实施围岩二次注浆加固及锚索加强支护,且将此技术应用于工程实践。     

工业厂房中基础方案优化选择研究

首先建立起影响软土地基中工业厂房基础方案选择的指标体系,然后应用层次分析法计算定量指标的评判变换矩阵和灰色评估计算定性指标的评判变换矩阵。最后用模糊综合评判法计算各方案的综合评价值,从而达到从多种可行的方案中找出最优方案的目的。